IoT Systems and Architectural Standardization Quiz

Perception Layer = Transmits data from physical devices to data center Network/Transmission Layer = Handles communication between different devices or gateways Application Layer = Initiates actions based on received information Gateway = Acts as a medium between the digital and physical world

Smart Object = Transmits data collected by physical devices to a data center Sensors = Handle physical devices and initiate multiple actions Data Center = Collects information from smart objects and transforms it into digital data Gateway = Facilitates communication between different smart objects or data centers

Data Collection = Done by physical devices in the Perception Layer Data Transformation = Converting information collected by sensors into digital form Communication = Carried out by the Network/Transmission Layer Action Initiation = Function of the Application Layer based on received data

M2M applications = Applications for machine-to-machine interaction CoAP = A protocol not known for its security features DTLS = Datagram Transport Layer Security REST = Architectural style introduced by Fielding for distributed hypermedia systems

Application layer = Interface with HTTP and transmission rate proposed for use with Web Transmission and Perception Layer = Achieves security using DTLS Data Link Layer = Responsible for data transmission reliability Physical Layer = Deals with the physical connection between devices

Real-time monitoring = Continuous monitoring of data streams Decision-making applications = Using collected data to make automated decisions Supply chain management = Tracking and managing the movement of goods Smart meters = Measuring and managing energy consumption

Integration = Combining different components to work together Security = Ensuring data protection and system safety Architecture = Design and structure of a system Constraints = Limitations on how an application should be built

Three-layer model = Smart Sensors, Data Centers Four-layer model = Devices layer classification Five-layer model = Devices like Gateways Seven-layer model = Internet

Generic IoT architecture = Describes the design and implementation of a network Underlined architectures = Specific architectures under the IoT umbrella Systematic review of IoT architecture = Examined more than 145 studies Layer classification applied in IoT survey = Can be three-, four-, five-, six- or seven-layer models

Architectural standardization = Establishing common structures for IoT systems Blackprint = Standard blueprint for implementation Seamless communication = Devices must communicate smoothly Challenging aspect of IoT networks = Lack of a single standard reference architecture

Smart Sensors = Collect data from the environment Data Centers = Store and process data Gateways = Facilitate communication between devices Internet = Enables global connectivity

Application layer = Interacts with end-users Network layer = Handles communication between devices Perception layer = Involves sensors and actuators Security layer = Ensures data protection

Variety of layer models observed = No single standard architecture for all implementations Devices' seamless communication requirement = Necessitates secure inter-device data transfer Multiple architectural classifications applied = Shows diversity in IoT design approaches Absence of easy blackprint for IoT architecture = 'One-size-fits-all' approach not feasible

Efficiency challenge = Use of lightweight encryption algorithms Battery life optimization = Implementation of continuous distributed detection operation Hardware diversity = Employment of federated learning mechanisms Cost considerations = Advanced authentication for both devices and users

Soil and environmental monitoring, inventory management, product authentication = Agriculture Real-time health monitoring, early disease detection, fall detection for the elderly = Healthcare Monitoring maritime operations, military defense = Maritime operations Enhancing transportation, logistics, and smart grids capabilities = Transportation

Z-Wave = Wireless protocol for home automation LoRaWAN = Low Power, Wide Area networking protocol WiFi = Commonly used communication technology for IoT devices ZigBee = Protocol suitable for sensors and devices with constraints

WiFi = Bi-directional communication and end-to-end security Blacktooth = Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) for data routing ZigBee = Class construction of large IoT models LoRaWAN = Connect battery-based devices wirelessly

WiFi = IEEE standard 802.11 LoRaWAN = LPWA networking protocol Z-Wave = Own radio frequency range ZigBee = Double long range compared to Destination Oriented DAG

ZigBee = Large IoT models construction Blacktooth = Designed for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) requirements Z-Wave = Home automation LoRaWAN = Battery-based device connectivity

WiFi = Significant wireless communication security standard Blacktooth = Based on IPv6 standard for IoT applications ZigBee = Facilitates on the IPv6 standard for IoT applications LoRaWAN = Security-related features and problems discussed

WiFi = Meets significant requirements of bi-directional communication Z-Wave = Operates on its own radio frequency range to mitigate interference ZigBee = Low power consumption suitable for devices with constraints LoRaWAN = Low Power, Wide Area networking protocol