Internet of Things (IoT) Infrastructure Layers Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance?

To promote the use of Bluetooth technology

To ensure IEEE 802.15.1 standard adoption

To standardize protocols for the Internet

To ensure widely and correct adoption of IEEE 802.11 standards (correct)

Which wireless technology is mainly used for home automation equipment and industrial machines?

IEEE 802.15.1

IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.11

IEEE 802.15.4 (correct)

Regarding wireless signal behavior, what phenomenon refers to the ability of signals to penetrate obstacles and travel longer distances?

Capture Effect

Doppler Shift

Inter Symbol Interference

Path Loss (correct)

What is the main focus of the ZigBee Alliance?

Promoting IoT connectivity for sensing and control applications Signup and view all the answers

Which frequency range is subject to local acceptance in Region 1 only?

$13.553$ MHz to $13.567$ MHz Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor in wireless networks that deals with receiving multiple replicas of the same signal at slightly different times?

Inter Symbol Interference Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Access and Transportation layer in IoT infrastructure?

Data routing and transportation Signup and view all the answers

Which network type is best suited for IoT applications requiring long-range or multi-hop communications?

LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) Signup and view all the answers

Which constraint in an IoT network is associated with the need for high or very high throughput networks?

A lot of data Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the IoT infrastructure primarily deals with data production from connected things like sensors, cars, buildings, and humans?

Data layer Signup and view all the answers

For IoT applications requiring communication protocols that support mobility with wide coverage and seamless handover, what types of networks are most suitable?

WMN (Wireless Mesh Network) Signup and view all the answers

What are some common application domains of wireless networks and IoT mentioned in the text?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a part of the IoT infrastructure layers discussed in the text?

Monitoring infrastructure like dams and bridges Signup and view all the answers

What is an indicator of IoT networks that involves optimization, precision, and efficiency in Industry 4.0?

Optimization in Industry 4.0 Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the IoT infrastructure involves monitoring comfort, multimedia, and domestic applications?

Domestic apps monitoring Signup and view all the answers

In IoT networks, what is a need that relates to productivity and efficiency in precision agriculture?

Precision agriculture optimization and productivity Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

IoT Infrastructure

Application layer: mobile apps, web interface, and interfaces for all domains
Storage layer: data extraction, data security, and data management
Access and Transportation layer: access to the Internet, data routing, and transportation
Data layer: data production, sensors, cars, buildings, humans, etc.

IoT Applications

Domestic apps: monitoring, multimedia, comfort, etc.
C-ITS (Cooperative Intelligent Transport System): traffic management, intelligent cities
Industry 4.0: optimization, precision, efficiency
Environmental apps: site monitoring (volcanos, forests, etc.), wildlife monitoring
Infrastructure monitoring: dams, bridges, buildings, etc.
e-Health: patients and elderly monitoring
Precision agriculture: efficiency, optimization, productivity, etc.

Frequency Bands

In the US: 902-928 MHz, 2.4000-2.4835 GHz, 5.725-5.850 GHz
In Europe: GSM uses the 890-915 MHz band; only 2.4 and 5 GHz bands are available

ISM Bands

6.765 MHz - 6.795 MHz
13.553 MHz - 13.567 MHz
26.957 MHz - 27.283 MHz
40.660 MHz - 40.700 MHz
433.050 MHz - 434.790 MHz
902.000 MHz - 928.000 MHz
2.400 GHz - 2.500 GHz
5.725 GHz - 5.875 GHz
24.000 GHz - 24.250 GHz
61.000 GHz - 61.500 GHz
122.000 GHz - 123.000 GHz
244.000 GHz - 246.000 GHz

Wireless Technologies

WiFi: IEEE 802.11 (mobile phones, computers, etc.)
Bluetooth: IEEE 802.15.1 (mobile phones, computers, headphones, etc.)
ZigBee, WirelessHART, ISA100.11a: IEEE 802.15.4 (home automation equipment, industrial machines, etc.)
Microwave ovens

Standardization Bodies

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): protocols and standards for the Internet
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE): most influential standards body
Wi-Fi Alliance: nonprofit organization formed in 1999
ZigBee Alliance: nonprofit organization formed in 2002

Wireless Signal Behavior

Important phenomena: LOS and NLOS
Inter Symbol Interference
Doppler Shift
Attenuation and Path Loss
Capture Effect
Line Of Sight (LOS) and Non Line Of Sight (NLOS)
Impact of NLOS: no need to be in Line Of Sight to communicate
Reflections and multipath help establish links
Lower frequencies have better ability to penetrate obstacles and travel longer distances than higher frequencies

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Description

Test your knowledge on the layers of IoT infrastructure including application, storage, access and transportation, and data layers. Explore architectural elements and future directions in the world of IoT.