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Questions and Answers
What is one major benefit of IoT for physical retailers?
What is one major benefit of IoT for physical retailers?
Which application of IoT helps to mitigate issues faced by urban populations?
Which application of IoT helps to mitigate issues faced by urban populations?
What aspect of smart homes is highlighted in terms of market demand?
What aspect of smart homes is highlighted in terms of market demand?
How does IoT assist in reducing theft in retail stores?
How does IoT assist in reducing theft in retail stores?
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Which of the following databases supports the growth of smart homes in IoT?
Which of the following databases supports the growth of smart homes in IoT?
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What are key problems that IoT solutions in smart cities aim to address?
What are key problems that IoT solutions in smart cities aim to address?
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What challenge may arise from the implementation of IoT in diverse environments?
What challenge may arise from the implementation of IoT in diverse environments?
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How does data management contribute to the functionality of IoT applications?
How does data management contribute to the functionality of IoT applications?
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What is a significant challenge related to IoT interoperability?
What is a significant challenge related to IoT interoperability?
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What percentage of the total IoT value is attributed to interoperability according to McKinsey's analysis?
What percentage of the total IoT value is attributed to interoperability according to McKinsey's analysis?
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What is a major security concern for IoT device integration?
What is a major security concern for IoT device integration?
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What type of data predominates in today's IoT environment, complicating value extraction?
What type of data predominates in today's IoT environment, complicating value extraction?
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What is the primary obstacle faced by companies in IoT deployment according to Inmarsat?
What is the primary obstacle faced by companies in IoT deployment according to Inmarsat?
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Which of the following describes a consequence of inadequate integration in IoT systems?
Which of the following describes a consequence of inadequate integration in IoT systems?
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What additional challenge does the exponential increase in connected devices create?
What additional challenge does the exponential increase in connected devices create?
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What strategy is suggested to address increasing network energy consumption in IoT?
What strategy is suggested to address increasing network energy consumption in IoT?
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What is the main purpose of actuators in an IoT system?
What is the main purpose of actuators in an IoT system?
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Which layer is responsible for transferring sensor data in an IoT architecture?
Which layer is responsible for transferring sensor data in an IoT architecture?
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What is a key function of the processing layer in an IoT system?
What is a key function of the processing layer in an IoT system?
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In IoT applications, which of the following is a primary role of the application layer?
In IoT applications, which of the following is a primary role of the application layer?
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Why is smart farming considered an important application of IoT?
Why is smart farming considered an important application of IoT?
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What is a significant challenge faced by IoT security?
What is a significant challenge faced by IoT security?
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What does IoT interoperability refer to?
What does IoT interoperability refer to?
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What is one of the primary concerns in data management for IoT?
What is one of the primary concerns in data management for IoT?
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Study Notes
Internet of Things (IoT) - CST2590
- The module aims to teach learners the knowledge and skills needed for designing and developing IoT systems, including architecture, applications, technologies on each layer, and IoT-specific data processing/analytics frameworks (including cloud technologies).
Assessment
-
Coursework: 100% Summative (no examination)
- Seminars: 25% (Multiple Choice Questions - Class Test-Quizzes) (LO-1-7)
- Project Report: 75% (Technical report on a selected topic) (25% individual project viva, 50% group project submission) (3,000-4,000 words max.) (LO-1-8)
Module Outlines
- Why is IoT needed?
- What is IoT?
- Evolution of IoT technology
- Future of IoT
- Building blocks of IoT
- Layers of IoT systems
- Applications of IoT
- Challenges of IoT
- Discussion
Why IoT is Needed
- Receive, use and manipulate more data
- Control most of the "stuff"
- Make things function automatically
- Make everything go faster
- Make everything perform better
- Interact, contribute and collaborate
Advantages and Disadvantages of IoT
-
Advantages:
- Minimizes human work and effort
- Saves time and effort
- Improved security in homes and offices
- Good for personal safety and security
- Useful in traffic and other tracking/monitoring systems
- Beneficial for the healthcare industry
- Reduced use of many electronic devices
-
Disadvantages:
- Increased privacy concerns
- Increased unemployment rates
- Highly dependent on the internet
- Lack of mental and physical activity leading to health issues
- Complex system for maintenance
- Lack of security
- Absence of international standards for better communication
Definition of IoT
- IoT is defined as a network of items each embedded with sensors that are connected to the Internet (IEEE).
- IoT is a worldwide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable based on standard communication protocols (IETF).
- IoT encompasses physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity. It allows these items to connect and exchange data, creating opportunities for direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems.
Need of Technology Evolution with Internet
- Efficient resource utilization
- Minimize human efforts
- Save time
- Develop IA through IoT
- Improve security
Evolution of Technology with Internet
- A table outlining the evolution, showing different stages of internet development from 'Human to Human' to 'Machine to Machine' and the technologies associated with each stage. This includes e-mail, information technology, entertainment, productivity, e-commerce, skype, facebook, youtube, identification, tracking, monitoring, metering, and semantically structured data.
What is IoE?
- Internet of Everything (IoE) is a concept that extends Internet of Things (IoT) and emphasizes machine-to-machine (M2M) communications to describe a more complex system involving people and processes.
- IoE is related to various appliances, devices, and items connected to the global internet.
Machine-to-Machine Communication (M2M)
- Data communication among physical things that do not require human interaction.
- Examples include data communication between things and a server, and thing-to-thing communication either directly or over a network.
Future IoT Market Value
- Estimated $14.4 trillion global IoT market value by 2022.
- Specific values are listed for improved customer experience, reduced time to market, reduced costs, and increased employee productivity.
Building Blocks of loT
- Cloud-based application & Storage
- Connectivity
- Gateways/Local Processing Nodes
- End devices/Nodes
- Applications
- Sensors
- RFID Tags
- Actuators
- Gateways/Local Processing Unit
- Middleware
- Signal Receivers
- GPS systems
- Transceivers
- Wifi
- Bluetooth
- Z-wave
- ZigBee
- LTE
- LoRa
Cloud-Based IoT Application and Storage
- Health
- Transport
- Industrial automation
- Agriculture
- Smart Cities
Layers of IoT
- Perception Layer: Embedded sensors, actuators, processors, and transceivers in IoT devices.
- Transmission Layer: Transfers sensor data to the processing layer. Methods like wireless, 3G, LAN, bluetooth, RFID, and NFC are used.
- Middle Layer (or Middleware Layer): Processes and analyzes data from the transport layer, using technologies like databases, cloud computing, and big data processing modules.
- Application Layer: Delivers application-specific services to users, such as smart homes, cities, and healthcare.
- Business Layer: Manages the entire IoT system, including applications, business models, and user privacy.
Applications of IoT
- Building automation
- Smart cities
- eHealth
- Transportation
- Industrial automation
- Smart metering
- Logistics
- Remote Monitoring
IoT in Health
- Remote health monitoring including heart rate, respiratory rate, and motion monitoring using technology like GPS.
IoT in Agriculture
- Crops and soil monitoring
- Weather monitoring
- Air monitoring
- Data acquisition from sensors and real-time data monitoring.
IoT in Education
- Smart attendance systems for schools using RFID tags,
- Smart whiteboards connected to computers offering educational advantages.
IoT in Traffic
- Connected car technology enables more reliable, accurate, and speedy data acquisition in complex road systems.
- Smart traffic systems can predict traffic patterns through machine learning enabling more effective road management solutions.
IoT in Smart Homes
- Control and monitoring of household devices remotely.
- Smart devices in the home with a smart hub and a cloud service.
IoT in Retail
- Retailers are adopting IoT solutions for increased purchases, reduced theft, optimized inventory management, and enhanced customer shopping experiences.
- Smart shelves, robots for assistance, and automated checkout are examples of applications.
IoT in Smart Cities
- Smart cities integrate various IoT applications for improved efficiency and safety.
- Applications in traffic management, public safety, gas/water leaks, environmental management, transportation, intelligent shopping, and smart homes.
IoT in Waste Management
- Sensors monitor waste levels in containers for optimal waste collection, reduce cost, carbon, risk of fire/safety.
Challenges of loT
- Interoperability: Difficulty in achieving compatibility between different IoT systems from various vendors.
- Security: Data encryption and key management are crucial because there are risks of data breaches from connected devices.
- Integration Issues: Effective integration of components for smooth functioning and delivering value to customers.
- Connectivity: Issues in connectivity from geographical locations, Internet availability, and speed.
- Data Conversion: Handling unstructured data generated by increasing numbers of connected devices.
- Privacy Issues: Cyber security risks from IoT devices due to possible malware infiltration, phishing, social engineering, devices misconfiguration issues.
- Quality of Service: Network Issues (Traffic Congestion)
Practical 3rd Week
- Learning pin information on Arduino boards,
- Programming Arduino to blink LEDs.
More Reading
- List of books/articles for further learning and studying about the Internet of Things (IoT). These books/articles cover different topics related to IoT, systems, applications, building projects, and technologies.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the fundamental concepts and technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) as outlined in the CST2590 module. Learners will explore the architecture, applications, and challenges associated with IoT systems, including specific data processing and cloud technologies. Prepare to assess your understanding of IoT's evolution and future potential.
