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Questions and Answers
What is an ion?
How does an atom become positively charged?
What is the purpose of ions forming ionic bonds?
What happens if an atom gains an electron?
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What is a neutral atom?
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What creates a neutral element?
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In the compound sodium chloride (NaCl), what type of bond is formed?
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How are cations formed?
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What is the octet rule?
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What do nonmetals with 6 or 7 valence electrons tend to do?
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What happens when a metal gives up its outermost electrons to have a full octet?
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What are valence electrons?
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What do atoms in the left of the periodic table tend to do?
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What is the charge of anions?
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How can the number of valence electrons be determined?
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Study Notes
Ion Formation and Valence Electrons
- A molecule consists of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
- Atoms have protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in energy shells outside the nucleus.
- Valence electrons, found in the outermost energy shell, are involved in chemical reactions.
- The number of valence electrons can be determined by looking at the top of each column on the periodic table.
- The octet rule states that the outer energy shell can hold a maximum of 8 valence electrons.
- Cations are formed by atoms losing electrons, resulting in a positive charge due to more protons than electrons.
- Anions are formed by atoms gaining electrons, resulting in a negative charge due to more electrons than protons.
- Metals on the left of the periodic table tend to lose electrons to become cations, while nonmetals on the right tend to gain electrons to become anions.
- Metals with 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons lose electrons to become +1, +2, or +3 cations, respectively.
- Nonmetals with 6 or 7 valence electrons gain electrons to become -2 or -1 anions, respectively.
- A metal ion occurs when a metal gives up its outermost electrons to have a full octet, resulting in a positive charge.
- A nonmetal ion is formed by the element accepting electrons to fill its outermost energy shell, resulting in a negative charge.
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Description
Test your knowledge of ion formation and valence electrons with this quiz. Learn about the role of valence electrons in chemical reactions, the octet rule, and the formation of cations and anions. Explore how metals and nonmetals gain or lose electrons to achieve a full outer energy shell and form ions.
