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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of translation according to Newmark's definition?
What is the primary focus of translation according to Newmark's definition?
- Rendering the meaning of a text into another language (correct)
- Adapting the language to fit the target audience
- Conveying the cultural context of the original text
- Preserving the original tone of the author's voice
What aspect of the text does Newmark's definition suggest is crucial to consider during translation?
What aspect of the text does Newmark's definition suggest is crucial to consider during translation?
- The historical period of the original text
- The author's intended meaning (correct)
- The author's writing style
- The cultural context of the target audience
What is implied by Newmark's definition of translation as 'rendering the meaning of a text into another language'?
What is implied by Newmark's definition of translation as 'rendering the meaning of a text into another language'?
- The translation should be a literal word-for-word translation
- The translation should be done solely by machine translation tools
- The translation should prioritize the original text's wording over meaning
- The translation should focus on conveying the original meaning (correct)
According to Newmark's definition, what is the purpose of translation?
According to Newmark's definition, what is the purpose of translation?
What does Newmark's definition of translation imply about the role of the translator?
What does Newmark's definition of translation imply about the role of the translator?
What is the definition of translation according to Hatim and Munday?
What is the definition of translation according to Hatim and Munday?
What is the target language (TL) in the translation process?
What is the target language (TL) in the translation process?
According to Catford, what is involved in the translation process?
According to Catford, what is involved in the translation process?
What is the source language (SL) in the translation process?
What is the source language (SL) in the translation process?
Who defined translation as the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language?
Who defined translation as the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language?
What is the primary focus of the translation process?
What is the primary focus of the translation process?
What is the underlying assumption of translation?
What is the underlying assumption of translation?
What is the outcome of the translation process?
What is the outcome of the translation process?
What is the key aspect of translation that goes beyond language transfer?
What is the key aspect of translation that goes beyond language transfer?
What is the relationship between language and culture in translation?
What is the relationship between language and culture in translation?
Before the introduction of the printing press, what was the dominant language used in written texts?
Before the introduction of the printing press, what was the dominant language used in written texts?
What was the estimated literacy rate before the introduction of the printing press?
What was the estimated literacy rate before the introduction of the printing press?
What innovation had an impact on the spread of written texts?
What innovation had an impact on the spread of written texts?
What was the primary purpose of using Latin in written texts?
What was the primary purpose of using Latin in written texts?
What can be inferred about the rarity of written texts before the printing press?
What can be inferred about the rarity of written texts before the printing press?
What change occurred in the approach to translation in the nineteenth century?
What change occurred in the approach to translation in the nineteenth century?
What type of texts were considered to require accurate translation?
What type of texts were considered to require accurate translation?
What was the attitude towards translating certain texts in the nineteenth century?
What was the attitude towards translating certain texts in the nineteenth century?
What characterized the approach to translation in the nineteenth century?
What characterized the approach to translation in the nineteenth century?
What was the result of the new approach to translation in the nineteenth century?
What was the result of the new approach to translation in the nineteenth century?
Study Notes
Definitions of Translation
- Newmark defines translation as rendering a text's meaning into another language while retaining the author's intentions.
- Hatim and Munday describe translation as the process of transferring a written text from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL).
- Catford argues that translation is about replacing textual material in one language (SL) with equivalent material in another language (TL).
- Translation is not merely about language transfer; it also involves cultural communication between different languages.
Impact of Printing on Translation and Language
- Before the invention of the printing press, literacy rates were low, and most texts were in Latin.
- The printing press democratized access to written materials, facilitating wider communication and the need for translations.
Brief History of Translation Discipline
- In the 19th century, translation scholarship adopted a more scientific perspective, emphasizing accuracy in translating certain text types.
- A distinction emerged suggesting that some texts should be translated accurately, while others may not be suitable for translation at all.
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Description
Test your understanding of the basics of translation, including definitions, mediums, and history. Learn about Newmark's definition of translation and more.
