23 Questions
What type of energy is used by biologic systems to power living processes?
Chemical energy
Which law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system, including its surroundings, remains constant?
First law of thermodynamics
What does a negative ∆H value indicate in a chemical reaction?
The reaction is exothermic
What happens if ΔG is negative in a reaction?
The reaction proceeds spontaneously with loss of free energy
What term describes the extent of disorder or randomness of a system?
Entropy
When does a reaction become irreversible according to the text?
When ΔG is negative
What type of bond is broken during the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi or ATP to AMP and PPi?
Acid anhydride (phospho anhydride) bond
Which of the following is NOT considered a 'high-energy compound' in biochemistry?
Glucose
Which of the following is the first product in urea and pyrimidine synthesis?
PPi
Which type of phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis?
Substrate level phosphorylation
What is the role of phosphagens in the body?
All of the above
Which of the following compounds can regenerate ATP from ADP and Pi or ATP from AMP and PPi?
Acid anhydride (phospho anhydride) bond
What happens if ΔG is positive?
The reaction proceeds only if free energy can be gained
In what kind of system is ΔG zero?
System at equilibrium
What term is used for the breakdown or oxidation of fuel molecules?
Catabolism
Which type of reactions build up substances?
Anabolic reactions
What is the constituting feature of both catabolic and anabolic processes?
Metabolism
What is ATP composed of?
Adenosine and three phosphate groups
What is the major energy source in 100m runners?
Creatine phosphate
How long does it take for the stores of creatine phosphate to become depleted in runners?
30-50 seconds
What is the role of Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase) in cells?
Maintains energy homeostasis by enabling the synthesis of ATP
What is the significance of AMP increasing in concentration when ATP becomes depleted?
To enhance the rate of catabolic reactions for ATP generation
Which enzyme catalyzes the group transfer potential in ADP for ATP synthesis?
Adenylyl Kinase (Myokinase)
Learn about energy metabolism in living organisms and how it relates to thermodynamics. Understand how biologic systems use chemical energy to power processes and adhere to the laws of thermodynamics. Contact Asst. Prof. Betül Özbek at [email protected] for more information on the course in 2023-2024.
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