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Questions and Answers
What is the term used for the name assigned to drugs by the WHO?
What is the term used for the name assigned to drugs by the WHO?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veterinary medicines?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of veterinary medicines?
What is the role of excipients in the formulation of medications?
What is the role of excipients in the formulation of medications?
What factors influence the process of medicine development?
What factors influence the process of medicine development?
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Which of these terms is synonymous with 'brand name' in the context of medicines?
Which of these terms is synonymous with 'brand name' in the context of medicines?
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What is the primary term of reference when describing a veterinary medicine?
What is the primary term of reference when describing a veterinary medicine?
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What does the International Non-proprietary Name (INN) signify?
What does the International Non-proprietary Name (INN) signify?
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Which of the following correctly describes the grouping of medicines?
Which of the following correctly describes the grouping of medicines?
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What is the IUPAC ID for the compound represented by the chemical formula C21H23NO5?
What is the IUPAC ID for the compound represented by the chemical formula C21H23NO5?
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What is a characteristic common to pharmacologically related substances?
What is a characteristic common to pharmacologically related substances?
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What is the website provided for the Product Information Database?
What is the website provided for the Product Information Database?
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Which of the following is a method used to classify medicines?
Which of the following is a method used to classify medicines?
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Which name is considered the proprietary name in veterinary medicine?
Which name is considered the proprietary name in veterinary medicine?
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What benefit does understanding drug classes provide in prescribing?
What benefit does understanding drug classes provide in prescribing?
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What is one of the main roles of the prescribing framework?
What is one of the main roles of the prescribing framework?
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What grouping is NOT mentioned as a basis for classifying drugs?
What grouping is NOT mentioned as a basis for classifying drugs?
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What organization selects and publishes the International Non-proprietary Names (INN)?
What organization selects and publishes the International Non-proprietary Names (INN)?
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Which of the following drugs is classified under β-lactam antibiotics?
Which of the following drugs is classified under β-lactam antibiotics?
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What is a common mechanism of action for NSAIDs?
What is a common mechanism of action for NSAIDs?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of drug classification based on clinical outcomes?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of drug classification based on clinical outcomes?
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Which of the following is a benefit of classifying drugs based on their structure and properties?
Which of the following is a benefit of classifying drugs based on their structure and properties?
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What role do excipients play in medication formulations?
What role do excipients play in medication formulations?
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What is the typical cost to bring a new drug for human use to market?
What is the typical cost to bring a new drug for human use to market?
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How long are companies protected from generic competition after developing a new drug?
How long are companies protected from generic competition after developing a new drug?
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Which document describes the properties and uses of a medicinal product?
Which document describes the properties and uses of a medicinal product?
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What is the primary focus of the process during drug development?
What is the primary focus of the process during drug development?
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What is the main focus of pharmacology?
What is the main focus of pharmacology?
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What is the purpose of pre-reading before the lecture?
What is the purpose of pre-reading before the lecture?
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What distinguishes therapeutics from pharmacology?
What distinguishes therapeutics from pharmacology?
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What is one expected outcome after attending a lecture?
What is one expected outcome after attending a lecture?
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How is a drug defined?
How is a drug defined?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the pre-lecture preparation?
Which of the following is NOT a part of the pre-lecture preparation?
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What activity is specifically mentioned as part of the after-lecture process?
What activity is specifically mentioned as part of the after-lecture process?
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In which setting are lectures expected to be attended for maximum benefit?
In which setting are lectures expected to be attended for maximum benefit?
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Which of the following anti-epileptic drugs is known for its effectiveness in treating seizures in dogs?
Which of the following anti-epileptic drugs is known for its effectiveness in treating seizures in dogs?
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What is a primary characteristic of a suspension in veterinary medicine?
What is a primary characteristic of a suspension in veterinary medicine?
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Which excipient is specifically used as an antioxidant in formulations?
Which excipient is specifically used as an antioxidant in formulations?
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What role does stearic acid play in medication formulations?
What role does stearic acid play in medication formulations?
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Which physical form of medication is typically used for delivering drugs directly into the bloodstream?
Which physical form of medication is typically used for delivering drugs directly into the bloodstream?
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What is one key driver in the discovery and development of new medicines?
What is one key driver in the discovery and development of new medicines?
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What is a characteristic of a tablet medication?
What is a characteristic of a tablet medication?
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Which excipient serves primarily as a flavouring agent in veterinary medicine?
Which excipient serves primarily as a flavouring agent in veterinary medicine?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pharmacology
- The subject is challenging for students.
- Pre-reading is important; read a maximum of 4 pages before each lecture.
- In-person lectures are crucial for optimal learning of the subject material.
- Lectures are recorded.
- Exercises in class will help develop prescribing skills and drug knowledge.
- Short quizzes are used to assess student understanding of learning objectives.
Resources
- Students should use
Rang & Dale's Pharmacology(10th ed.) andPharmacology(5th ed.) textbooks. -
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics(10th ed.) is another recommended text.
Pharmacology vs Therapeutics
- Pharmacology is the study of drug mechanisms and actions.
- Therapeutics is the application of drugs to treat diseases.
What is a Drug?
- A drug is a substance that, when introduced into the body, produces a biological effect for an intended purpose.
Learning Objectives (Page 6)
- Understand various ways to name medications.
- Identify and use the active ingredient as the primary reference term.
- Understand groupings of medications based on structure and properties.
- Describe veterinary medicines based on physical characteristics.
- Understand the role of excipients in medication formulations.
- Understand the principles of medication development, including drivers, costs, and timescales.
Learning Objective 1 (Names of Medications)
- Drugs are known by their International Non-proprietary Name (INN) or generic name.
- These names are assigned by the World Health Organization (WHO).
- Drug companies may also use proprietary or brand names for a product.
Learning Objective 2 (Active Ingredients)
- The active ingredient in a medication is its generic name.
- This reference name should always be used in veterinary medicine exams.
Learning Objective 3 (Drug Classification)
- Medications can be categorized based on: physicochemical properties, target binding (pharmacological action), or clinical outcomes (pharmacotherapeutic action).
- Classifying drugs helps in predicting their effects.
- Example: β-lactam antibiotics, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, and anti-epileptic drugs.
Learning Objective 4 (Physical Characteristics)
- Physical characteristics are crucial in describing veterinary medicines, such as tablets, capsules, injections, spot-ons, suspensions, IV infusions, eye drops, drenches, and creams/ointments.
Learning Objective 5 (Excipients)
- Excipients are essential components of drug formulations to aid delivery.
- Excipients may include fillers, binders, disintegrants, lubricants, colorants, flavourings, and preservatives.
Learning Objective 6 (Drug Development)
- Drug development is high-risk and expensive.
- A new human drug can cost $2 billion and take 10-15 years to reach the market.
- Companies benefit from patent protection for around 20 years.
Prescribing Framework
- This cyclical process outlines the prescribing framework
- Steps include:
- Assess the patient
- Identify effective treatment options
- Present options to the client
- Provide supporting information
- Prescribe the correct medicine
Prescribing Skills
- Deciding on the correct drug, dose, route, frequency of medication
- Identifying components that could be unsuitable
- Deciding on the most appropriate treatment
- Providing crucial information to the client
- Calculating and verifying accurate doses
- Identifying possible adverse drug reactions
- Monitoring and interpreting results of investigations
Prescribing Information (Veterinary Medicines Directorate)
- This database contains summaries of product characteristics for veterinary medicines.
Additional Key Points
- Summary of Product Characteristics (UK and EU)
- Prescribing Information (USA)
- These documents feature detailed information about drugs; including how to use them and precautions to take.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This quiz assesses your understanding of basic pharmacology concepts, including drug mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and medication naming. It is designed to complement the readings from 'Rang & Dale's Pharmacology' and other key texts. Prepare for both lectures and practical applications in this essential field of study.
