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Introduction to Individual Differences

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Questions and Answers

What are the two major aspects of individual differences studied by psychologists?

Memory capacity and learning speed

Creativity and problem-solving skills

Personality and cognitive ability (correct)

Emotional intelligence and social skills

Which component is arguably the major determinant of differences in people's behavior in organizations?

Personality traits (correct)

Emotional intelligence

Creativity levels

Cognitive abilities

What was confirmed by a study conducted by Dunn, Mount, Barrick, and Ones in 1995?

Managers prioritize cognitive ability over personality traits in employees

Managers value personality traits as much as cognitive ability in employees (correct)

Personality has no impact on work experiences

Cognitive ability is the sole determinant of work performance

In the context of theories of personality, what do good theories share as a common feature?

They describe and simplify complexities Signup and view all the answers

What do psychologists focus on when studying personality, according to the text?

Individual differences in behavior, thought, and emotion Signup and view all the answers

Why do psychologists view competing theories of personality as representations of the same phenomenon?

Because they all focus on individual differences in behavior, thought, and emotion Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe ordinary or layperson intuitions about individual differences?

Implicit theories Signup and view all the answers

How do implicit theories help individuals perceive the world around them?

By predicting people's behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of explicit theories in psychology according to the text?

To understand individual differences Signup and view all the answers

In what way do implicit theories affect our attitudes towards people?

They shape our perceptions of others Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT mentioned as an example of relative desirability in personality traits?

Introversion Signup and view all the answers

What field is sometimes referred to as the study of individual differences?

Differential psychology Signup and view all the answers