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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of parameters in a function?
What is the main purpose of parameters in a function?
- To store temporary local variables.
- To allow communication of information to the function. (correct)
- To execute code without any inputs.
- To define the return type of the function.
In the context of function parameters, what are formal parameters?
In the context of function parameters, what are formal parameters?
- Parameters that are displayed as output.
- Parameters that store global variables.
- Parameters defined in the function’s declaration. (correct)
- Parameters used in function calls.
Which statement accurately describes 'pass by reference'?
Which statement accurately describes 'pass by reference'?
- A copy of the argument's value is sent to the function.
- Only the address of the argument is passed to the function. (correct)
- Changes to the variable do not affect the original argument.
- The entire argument is duplicated in memory.
What is a consequence of using pass by value?
What is a consequence of using pass by value?
Which line of code correctly demonstrates a function call with arguments?
Which line of code correctly demonstrates a function call with arguments?
What is the primary philosophy behind the use of functions in programming?
What is the primary philosophy behind the use of functions in programming?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using functions?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using functions?
In which scenario is it preferable to pass parameters to a function instead of using scanf?
In which scenario is it preferable to pass parameters to a function instead of using scanf?
What is the output mechanism of a function in programming?
What is the output mechanism of a function in programming?
Which of the following best describes a function?
Which of the following best describes a function?
What is the primary difference between a main program and a function regarding input and output?
What is the primary difference between a main program and a function regarding input and output?
What characterizes built-in functions?
What characterizes built-in functions?
Which of the following is an example of a built-in function?
Which of the following is an example of a built-in function?
What is the purpose of the function double sqrt(double x) in the C Standard Library?
What is the purpose of the function double sqrt(double x) in the C Standard Library?
Which of the following functions is defined in the C Standard Library 'math.h'?
Which of the following functions is defined in the C Standard Library 'math.h'?
What is a characteristic of user-defined functions in C?
What is a characteristic of user-defined functions in C?
Which function would you use to find the absolute value of a number in C?
Which function would you use to find the absolute value of a number in C?
What type of function is defined by the user in a C program?
What type of function is defined by the user in a C program?
Which of the following returns the arc sine of a given value in radians?
Which of the following returns the arc sine of a given value in radians?
If a C function does not specify a return type, what is its default return type?
If a C function does not specify a return type, what is its default return type?
Which function would you use to raise a number x to the power of y in C?
Which function would you use to raise a number x to the power of y in C?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Functions
- Functions break down large programs into smaller, manageable tasks.
- This promotes modular programming, making code easier to understand, debug, and reuse.
Advantages of Using Functions
- Facilitates modular programming.
- Reduces program length by reusing code.
- Simplifies error identification and isolation.
- Promotes code reusability across different programs.
- Avoids redundant code blocks.
- Enables team-based development.
Functions Explained
- Functions are independent code blocks that receive input (parameters) and provide output (return value).
- They are called (or invoked) from the main program or other functions.
scanffor user input should generally not be used within functions. Instead, input should be passed as parameters.- Output is returned to the caller through the
returnstatement.
Types of Functions
Predefined Standard Functions
- Functions provided by the language's standard library, already defined in header files.
- Examples include
main(),scanf(),printf(),pow(),toupper(),strchr(). - Header files with
.hextensions, such asstdio.h, contain these functions.
User / Programmer-defined Functions
- Functions created by users in their programs.
- Syntax:
returndata_type functionName (parameter list) - Example:
returndata_type functionName (parameter list) { <local variable declaration> statements; return expression; }
Parameter List
- Parameters provide input to the function.
- Variables are declared in the parameter list to store these values.
Two Types of Parameters
- Formal Parameters: Appear in the function declaration.
- Actual Parameters/Arguments: Appear in the function call.
Parameter Passing
Pass by Reference
- Only the argument's address is passed.
- The function modifies the original variable directly.
Pass by Value
- A copy of the data is passed to the function.
- Changes made to the copy do not affect the original variable.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
}
int calcSum (int augen, int addend) {
int sum= augen+addend;
return sum;
int main() {
int sum, op1,op2;
scanf("%d %d",&op1,&op2)
sum= calcSum (op1, op2);
printf("The sum of %d and %d is %d",
op1,op2,sum);
return 0;
}
Example:
int feetToInches(int feet)
{
feet 5
int inches;
inches = feet * 12;
Value is
inches
60
return inches;
copied at the
point of call
}
void main()
f
5
{
int f = 5; i = 0;
i= feetToInches(f);
i
0
}
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