Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common psychological factor that can lead to disordered eating in athletes?
What is a common psychological factor that can lead to disordered eating in athletes?
Which symptom is often associated with an athlete experiencing an eating disorder?
Which symptom is often associated with an athlete experiencing an eating disorder?
Comparing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, which of the following statements is true?
Comparing anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, which of the following statements is true?
Which factor can initiate a transition from normal eating patterns to disordered eating in athletes?
Which factor can initiate a transition from normal eating patterns to disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes athletes with eating disorders from those without eating disorders?
What distinguishes athletes with eating disorders from those without eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which behavior is described as a sign of disordered eating in athletes?
Which behavior is described as a sign of disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What physical symptom may indicate low energy availability in an athlete due to disordered eating?
What physical symptom may indicate low energy availability in an athlete due to disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a likely consequence of excessive exercise combined with disordered eating in athletes?
What is a likely consequence of excessive exercise combined with disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is most likely to increase an athlete's risk for disordered eating?
Which factor is most likely to increase an athlete's risk for disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?
What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common characteristic of normal eating?
What is a common characteristic of normal eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines disordered eating?
What defines disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects the prevalence of eating disorders in athletes?
Which statement accurately reflects the prevalence of eating disorders in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which behavior is typically associated with anorexia nervosa?
Which behavior is typically associated with anorexia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
What can differentiate athletes who are training intensely from those with disordered eating?
What can differentiate athletes who are training intensely from those with disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What constitutes disordered eating in athletes?
What constitutes disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feature is characteristic of athletes with normal eating patterns?
Which feature is characteristic of athletes with normal eating patterns?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common sign of disordered eating in athletes?
What is a common sign of disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
How do athletes with disordered eating typically view their food intake?
How do athletes with disordered eating typically view their food intake?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the energy availability of an athlete with normal eating habits?
Which of the following best describes the energy availability of an athlete with normal eating habits?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a distinguishing feature of athletes who may have disordered eating patterns compared to those with normal patterns?
What is a distinguishing feature of athletes who may have disordered eating patterns compared to those with normal patterns?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa?
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder involves episodes of excessive eating without compensatory behaviors?
Which eating disorder involves episodes of excessive eating without compensatory behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a typical consequence of excessive exercise in athletes with disordered eating?
What is a typical consequence of excessive exercise in athletes with disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
In terms of caloric intake, how do athletes with disordered eating commonly behave?
In terms of caloric intake, how do athletes with disordered eating commonly behave?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects the performance levels of athletes with disordered eating?
Which statement accurately reflects the performance levels of athletes with disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
How do male athletes compare to female athletes concerning disordered eating prevalence?
How do male athletes compare to female athletes concerning disordered eating prevalence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an aspect of controlled energy intake in athletes that suggests disordered eating?
What is an aspect of controlled energy intake in athletes that suggests disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What signifies a healthy perspective on food for athletes?
What signifies a healthy perspective on food for athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the suggested energy availability threshold that can influence the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in athletes?
What is the suggested energy availability threshold that can influence the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a recommended regular screening method to prevent energy deficiency in athletes?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended regular screening method to prevent energy deficiency in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected recovery time for resting metabolic rate (RMR) after energy availability is restored?
What is the expected recovery time for resting metabolic rate (RMR) after energy availability is restored?
Signup and view all the answers
Which performance marker is likely to take the longest to recover once energy availability improves?
Which performance marker is likely to take the longest to recover once energy availability improves?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor may NOT be a sign that an athlete is at risk of low energy availability?
Which factor may NOT be a sign that an athlete is at risk of low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key focus of treatment for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
What is a key focus of treatment for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes athletes who do not have disordered eating behaviors from those who do?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes athletes who do not have disordered eating behaviors from those who do?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes the recovery of blood biomarkers in athletes from other markers of RED-S?
What distinguishes the recovery of blood biomarkers in athletes from other markers of RED-S?
Signup and view all the answers
What best defines energy availability in athletes?
What best defines energy availability in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic consequence of low energy availability in athletes?
What is a characteristic consequence of low energy availability in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common effect of disordered eating in athletes?
Which of the following is a common effect of disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What psychological effect can result from chronic disordered eating in athletes?
What psychological effect can result from chronic disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors?
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
In general, which group of athletes has a higher prevalence of eating disorders?
In general, which group of athletes has a higher prevalence of eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
How does anorexia nervosa primarily differ from binge eating disorder?
How does anorexia nervosa primarily differ from binge eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What differentiates normal eating from disordered eating in athletes?
What differentiates normal eating from disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary consequence of low energy availability (LEA) in female athletes?
What is the primary consequence of low energy availability (LEA) in female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is a component of the Female Athlete Triad?
Which of the following conditions is a component of the Female Athlete Triad?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect primarily differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating disorder?
What aspect primarily differentiates bulimia nervosa from binge eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
How does disordered eating prevalence differ between elite female athletes and control groups?
How does disordered eating prevalence differ between elite female athletes and control groups?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these accurately defines normal eating behavior in athletes?
Which of these accurately defines normal eating behavior in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What factor is linked to the onset of disordered eating patterns in athletes?
What factor is linked to the onset of disordered eating patterns in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes anorexia nervosa compared to other eating disorders?
What characterizes anorexia nervosa compared to other eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common consequence of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)?
What is a common consequence of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group has a higher rate of disordered eating behaviors according to research?
Which group has a higher rate of disordered eating behaviors according to research?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best reflects the metabolic health aspect impacted by disordered eating in athletes?
Which statement best reflects the metabolic health aspect impacted by disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes a normal eating pattern for athletes?
What characterizes a normal eating pattern for athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following could potentially convert healthy eating habits into disordered eating patterns in athletes over time?
Which of the following could potentially convert healthy eating habits into disordered eating patterns in athletes over time?
Signup and view all the answers
How do the prevalence rates of disordered eating differ between male and female athletes?
How do the prevalence rates of disordered eating differ between male and female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from binge eating disorder?
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from binge eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is most indicative of disordered eating patterns in athletes?
Which factor is most indicative of disordered eating patterns in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What describes a common misconception about normal eating among athletes?
What describes a common misconception about normal eating among athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following defines disordered eating in athletes?
Which of the following defines disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a recognized effect of disordered eating on athletic performance?
What is a recognized effect of disordered eating on athletic performance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary psychological driver behind restrictive eating behaviors in individuals with eating disorders?
What is a primary psychological driver behind restrictive eating behaviors in individuals with eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which behavior is commonly not observed in individuals with binge eating disorder?
Which behavior is commonly not observed in individuals with binge eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from binge eating disorder?
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from binge eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
How is binge eating disorder typically classified concerning body weight?
How is binge eating disorder typically classified concerning body weight?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of exercise dependence is critical when assessing athletes?
What aspect of exercise dependence is critical when assessing athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of exercise dependence?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of exercise dependence?
Signup and view all the answers
What category exists for individuals who do not fully meet the criteria for established eating disorders but still have significant symptoms?
What category exists for individuals who do not fully meet the criteria for established eating disorders but still have significant symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized primarily by episodes of binge eating without any subsequent compensatory behavior?
Which eating disorder is characterized primarily by episodes of binge eating without any subsequent compensatory behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is commonly reported after binge eating episodes?
Which symptom is commonly reported after binge eating episodes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the single biggest predictor for the onset of an eating disorder?
What is the single biggest predictor for the onset of an eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a typical aspect of disordered eating behaviors?
What is a typical aspect of disordered eating behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
Which personality trait is commonly associated with the risk of developing eating disorders?
Which personality trait is commonly associated with the risk of developing eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common misconception about disordered eating among athletes?
What is a common misconception about disordered eating among athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What role does trauma play in the development of eating disorders?
What role does trauma play in the development of eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes dichotomous language around food?
Which of the following describes dichotomous language around food?
Signup and view all the answers
What emotional reaction is often linked to binge eating episodes?
What emotional reaction is often linked to binge eating episodes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following explains a potential impact of excessive exercise in athletes?
Which of the following explains a potential impact of excessive exercise in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What physiological consequence may arise from low energy availability due to disordered eating?
What physiological consequence may arise from low energy availability due to disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following behaviors is linked to the dangerous health consequences of purging?
Which of the following behaviors is linked to the dangerous health consequences of purging?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common digestive issue experienced by individuals with eating disorders?
What is a common digestive issue experienced by individuals with eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the prevalence of eating disorders generally differ between male and female athletes?
How does the prevalence of eating disorders generally differ between male and female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging?
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by purging?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect differentiates anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
What aspect differentiates anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
What can modeling healthy food behaviors in families prevent?
What can modeling healthy food behaviors in families prevent?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor may not contribute to an athlete's risk of developing disordered eating?
Which factor may not contribute to an athlete's risk of developing disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one cognitive consequence of low energy availability?
What is one cognitive consequence of low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of normal eating?
What is a characteristic of normal eating?
Signup and view all the answers
How does normal eating differ in athletes compared to non-athletes?
How does normal eating differ in athletes compared to non-athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
What distinguishes anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which behavior is commonly associated with bulimia nervosa?
Which behavior is commonly associated with bulimia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor contributes significantly to the onset of anorexia nervosa?
Which factor contributes significantly to the onset of anorexia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa are typically females?
What percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa are typically females?
Signup and view all the answers
In which age range is anorexia nervosa most commonly diagnosed?
In which age range is anorexia nervosa most commonly diagnosed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common misconception regarding bulimia nervosa's association with body weight?
What is a common misconception regarding bulimia nervosa's association with body weight?
Signup and view all the answers
What behavior might indicate disordered eating in athletes?
What behavior might indicate disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement accurately reflects the difference in prevalence of disordered eating between male and female athletes?
Which statement accurately reflects the difference in prevalence of disordered eating between male and female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What approach describes normal eating in athletes?
What approach describes normal eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What psychological factor is often observed in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
What psychological factor is often observed in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the prevalence of binge eating disorder differ from that of anorexia and bulimia nervosa?
How does the prevalence of binge eating disorder differ from that of anorexia and bulimia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a typical compensatory behavior associated with bulimia nervosa?
Which of the following is NOT a typical compensatory behavior associated with bulimia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the expected timeline for resting metabolic rate (RMR) improvement in athletes?
What is the expected timeline for resting metabolic rate (RMR) improvement in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors?
Which eating disorder is characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
How long does recovery of bone health typically take in athletes after energy availability is restored?
How long does recovery of bone health typically take in athletes after energy availability is restored?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes athletes with eating disorders from those without?
What distinguishes athletes with eating disorders from those without?
Signup and view all the answers
In terms of prevalence, which group of athletes is reported to have a higher occurrence of eating disorders?
In terms of prevalence, which group of athletes is reported to have a higher occurrence of eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary reasons athletes might not recognize their disordered eating patterns?
What is one of the primary reasons athletes might not recognize their disordered eating patterns?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sport is categorized as having a higher prevalence of eating disorders due to aesthetic judgments?
Which sport is categorized as having a higher prevalence of eating disorders due to aesthetic judgments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which physical characteristic is often considered advantageous in gravitational sports?
Which physical characteristic is often considered advantageous in gravitational sports?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa?
What distinguishes bulimia nervosa from anorexia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the risk factors for eating disorders across genders?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the risk factors for eating disorders across genders?
Signup and view all the answers
How do performance outcomes typically differ between athletes with disordered eating and those without?
How do performance outcomes typically differ between athletes with disordered eating and those without?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be a significant consequence of excessive exercise combined with disordered eating?
What can be a significant consequence of excessive exercise combined with disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
In what category of sports do athletes frequently compete based on weight limitations?
In what category of sports do athletes frequently compete based on weight limitations?
Signup and view all the answers
What best describes athletes exhibiting exercise dependence due to disordered eating?
What best describes athletes exhibiting exercise dependence due to disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor helps categorize sports as having a higher risk for disordered eating?
Which factor helps categorize sports as having a higher risk for disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What can contribute to difficulties in identifying disordered eating in athletes?
What can contribute to difficulties in identifying disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which behavior is most commonly associated with a shift from normal eating to disordered eating patterns in athletes?
Which behavior is most commonly associated with a shift from normal eating to disordered eating patterns in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statistic is commonly noted regarding the prevalence of disordered eating in female athletes?
Which statistic is commonly noted regarding the prevalence of disordered eating in female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes disordered eating from clinical eating disorders?
What distinguishes disordered eating from clinical eating disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is often a hallmark feature of disordered eating among athletes?
What is often a hallmark feature of disordered eating among athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered a common misconception about eating disorders, particularly anorexia?
What is considered a common misconception about eating disorders, particularly anorexia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disorder is characterized by episodes of excessive eating without subsequent compensatory behaviors?
Which disorder is characterized by episodes of excessive eating without subsequent compensatory behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
Among female athletes, what percentage is estimated to experience disordered eating at some point in their lives?
Among female athletes, what percentage is estimated to experience disordered eating at some point in their lives?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of eating behavior is typically observed in disordered eating among athletes?
What aspect of eating behavior is typically observed in disordered eating among athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
In the general population, what percentage of men are estimated to experience an eating disorder throughout their lifetime?
In the general population, what percentage of men are estimated to experience an eating disorder throughout their lifetime?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant risk factor for developing eating disorders in athletes?
What is a significant risk factor for developing eating disorders in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging?
Which eating disorder is characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging?
Signup and view all the answers
What behavior can indicate an athlete may be at risk for low energy availability?
What behavior can indicate an athlete may be at risk for low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a defining feature of anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following is a defining feature of anorexia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common effect of disordered eating patterns among athletes?
What is a common effect of disordered eating patterns among athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these is a less common eating disorder compared to others?
Which of these is a less common eating disorder compared to others?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common symptom indicating low energy availability in female athletes?
What is a common symptom indicating low energy availability in female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor may lead an athlete to develop disordered eating behaviors?
Which factor may lead an athlete to develop disordered eating behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between energy availability and bone health?
What is the relationship between energy availability and bone health?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a typical indication of an eating disorder in athletes?
Which of the following is NOT a typical indication of an eating disorder in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
How can athletes' body weight remain stable despite low energy availability?
How can athletes' body weight remain stable despite low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors?
Which eating disorder is characterized by cycles of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key factor distinguishing athletes with disordered eating from those without?
What is a key factor distinguishing athletes with disordered eating from those without?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of treatment for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
What is the primary focus of treatment for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is commonly associated with athletes experiencing restrictive eating behaviors?
Which symptom is commonly associated with athletes experiencing restrictive eating behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes normal eating compared to disordered eating?
Which of the following best describes normal eating compared to disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of changes in clothing might indicate a potential eating disorder in an athlete?
What kind of changes in clothing might indicate a potential eating disorder in an athlete?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of disordered eating, what is a common behavior concerning meal patterns?
In the context of disordered eating, what is a common behavior concerning meal patterns?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an important distinction regarding the prevalence of eating disorders in male and female athletes?
What is an important distinction regarding the prevalence of eating disorders in male and female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key psychological factor that distinguishes athletes with eating disorders from those following normal eating patterns?
What is a key psychological factor that distinguishes athletes with eating disorders from those following normal eating patterns?
Signup and view all the answers
How does energy availability commonly differ between athletes with disordered eating and those with normal eating habits?
How does energy availability commonly differ between athletes with disordered eating and those with normal eating habits?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the relationship of performance levels to the presence of an eating disorder in athletes?
Which of the following best describes the relationship of performance levels to the presence of an eating disorder in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of dietary intake is commonly refused by athletes with disordered eating?
What aspect of dietary intake is commonly refused by athletes with disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of consuming large amounts of food followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors?
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of consuming large amounts of food followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common sign that an athlete may be experiencing low energy availability?
What is a common sign that an athlete may be experiencing low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
How are the body image perceptions of athletes suffering from eating disorders typically characterized?
How are the body image perceptions of athletes suffering from eating disorders typically characterized?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of dietary pattern might result from disordered eating in athletes?
What kind of dietary pattern might result from disordered eating in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What feeling do athletes with eating disorders commonly experience when they believe they have overconsumed calories?
What feeling do athletes with eating disorders commonly experience when they believe they have overconsumed calories?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of exercise behavior is often seen in athletes with disordered eating?
What type of exercise behavior is often seen in athletes with disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following represents a realistic goal for an athlete regarding body weight and composition?
Which of the following represents a realistic goal for an athlete regarding body weight and composition?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common physiological consequence of inadequate kilojoules consumed by athletes?
What is a common physiological consequence of inadequate kilojoules consumed by athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which coping mechanism is often displayed by athletes with eating disorders when they cannot adhere to their diet or exercise plans?
Which coping mechanism is often displayed by athletes with eating disorders when they cannot adhere to their diet or exercise plans?
Signup and view all the answers
What might contribute to a distinction between male and female athletes regarding disordered eating prevalence?
What might contribute to a distinction between male and female athletes regarding disordered eating prevalence?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'normal eating' in athletes typically encompass?
What does the term 'normal eating' in athletes typically encompass?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary risk factor for male and female athletes developing disordered eating habits?
What is a primary risk factor for male and female athletes developing disordered eating habits?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nutrient is MOST closely associated with maintaining bone health in athletes?
Which nutrient is MOST closely associated with maintaining bone health in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
How is energy availability defined in the context of athletic performance?
How is energy availability defined in the context of athletic performance?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is commonly associated with low bone mineral density in athletes?
What condition is commonly associated with low bone mineral density in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?
What is the primary distinction between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these athletes is at a higher risk of developing the female athlete triad?
Which of these athletes is at a higher risk of developing the female athlete triad?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant consequence of amenorrhea in female athletes?
What is a significant consequence of amenorrhea in female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which psychological factor can contribute to low energy availability in athletes?
Which psychological factor can contribute to low energy availability in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What best describes the relationship between the HPG axis and energy availability?
What best describes the relationship between the HPG axis and energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by excessive eating without compensatory behaviors?
Which eating disorder is characterized by excessive eating without compensatory behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition can arise from relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)?
Which condition can arise from relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes athletes with normal eating habits compared to those with disordered eating?
What characterizes athletes with normal eating habits compared to those with disordered eating?
Signup and view all the answers
What expands the factors influenced in RED-S beyond the female athlete triad?
What expands the factors influenced in RED-S beyond the female athlete triad?
Signup and view all the answers
What term refers to the absence of a menstrual cycle in female athletes?
What term refers to the absence of a menstrual cycle in female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to low energy availability in athletes?
Which of the following factors is most likely to contribute to low energy availability in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What primary treatment focus should be addressed in athletes experiencing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
What primary treatment focus should be addressed in athletes experiencing Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of regular screenings and monitoring in athletes at risk of low energy availability?
What is the purpose of regular screenings and monitoring in athletes at risk of low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the recovery of markers once energy availability is restored?
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the recovery of markers once energy availability is restored?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nutrient is essential for maximizing the restoration of bone tissue in athletes recovering from low energy availability?
Which nutrient is essential for maximizing the restoration of bone tissue in athletes recovering from low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which psychological issue can impact recovery from RED-S in athletes?
Which psychological issue can impact recovery from RED-S in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of training modification might benefit an athlete with RED-S to increase energy availability?
What type of training modification might benefit an athlete with RED-S to increase energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
What screening tool can help evaluate the severity of the Female Athlete Triad in athletes?
What screening tool can help evaluate the severity of the Female Athlete Triad in athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is considered a primary characteristic that distinguishes anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
Which factor is considered a primary characteristic that distinguishes anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between low energy availability and menstrual dysfunction in female athletes?
What is the relationship between low energy availability and menstrual dysfunction in female athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like purging?
Which eating disorder is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like purging?
Signup and view all the answers
What dietary adjustment can help athletes gradually improve energy intake without significant weight gain?
What dietary adjustment can help athletes gradually improve energy intake without significant weight gain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of disordered eating in elite female athletes compared to male athletes?
Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of disordered eating in elite female athletes compared to male athletes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common misconception about the use of oral contraceptives in athletes with low energy availability?
What is a common misconception about the use of oral contraceptives in athletes with low energy availability?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Eating Disorders
- Sports requiring specific body weight do not have a higher prevalence of disordered eating.
Distinguishing Normal & Abnormal Eating and Exercise Patterns
- Athletes with a normal eating pattern have improved performance, train purposefully, and maintain adequate energy availability.
- Athletes with disordered eating patterns experience performance declines, overtrain, and have low energy availability.
- The distinction between normal and disordered eating patterns can be subtle and may be crossed intentionally or unintentionally.
Signs & Symptoms of Eating Disorders in Athletes
- Relentless, excessive exercise
- Repeated injuries (stress fractures, muscle injuries) may indicate low energy availability
- Frequent illnesses, slow recovery from illness and injury, gastrointestinal problems
- Sudden changes in food rules or patterns of eating
- Avoiding eating with others and general social isolation
- Wearing baggy, layered clothing
- Rapid/unexplained weight gain or loss
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Irregular or absence of menstruation
Case Study: Disordered Eating and Eating Disorders
- An athlete can move from a normal eating pattern to disordered eating and then to an eating disorder.
- Inappropriate eating, dieting behaviors, training demands, and psychological stresses can contribute to disordered eating in athletes.
Energy Availability (EA)
- Athletes need adequate energy intake for optimal health and athletic performance
- Low energy availability (LEA) is when caloric intake is insufficient to meet energy demands, impacting health and performance
- Low energy availability can lead to the Female Athlete Triad and RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport)
- Energy availability (EA) is calculated as: energy intake minus energy expended via life processes
Female Athlete Triad
- Includes three components: low energy availability (LEA), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD)
- LEA can lead to menstrual dysfunction and low bone mineral density
- Disordered eating can contribute to LEA
RED-S (Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport)
- Describes a state of insufficient energy availability
- Impacts on multiple body systems, including:
- Metabolic
- Endocrine
- Immunological
- Cardiovascular
- Haematological
- Gastrointestinal
- *Growth & Development
- Bone health
- Menstrual function
- Can have negative effects on athletic performance
Prevalence of Female Athlete Triad
- Studies show that the prevalence of the Female Athlete Triad is higher in elite athletes compared to control groups
Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis
- Series of hormonal pathways connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads
- Vital for reproductive function, immune system, bone health and growth
- Low energy availability can disrupt the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis, impacting the release of reproductive hormones
RED-S Potential Effects
- Menstrual dysfunction in females and impaired reproductive function in males
- Impaired bone health, increased risk of stress fractures
- Psychological consequences
- Risk of developing disordered eating and progression to an eating disorder (ED)
- Risk of iron-deficiency anemia and chronic fatigue
- Impaired immune system
- Reduced muscle protein synthesis
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to unfavorable lipid profiles
- Impaired growth and development
- Gastrointestinal problems, especially if the athlete is fasting, vomiting, or using diuretics or laxatives
LEA - Reference Ranges and Cut-off Points
- The early Female Athlete Triad literature suggested that low energy availability could be influenced within 5 days of low energy availability, when energy availability fell below 30 kCal (or 126kJ) /kg fat free mass
Monitoring and Screening
- Regular screening is essential for prevention and early intervention of RED-S
- This includes:
- Annual physical exams
- Laboratory tests
- DEXA scans for bone health
- Blood counts
- Athletes at risk should also be closely monitored for key signs:
- Specific eating patterns
- Recurrent injuries and/or ongoing fatigue
Treatment for RED-S
- Treatment involves:
- Gradual increase in energy intake
- Periodisation of nutritional intake
- Focus on bone-building nutrients
- Ensure adequate sleep
- Address mental health
- Consider medication(s) being taken
Expected Improvements Once Energy Availability is Restored
- Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR): Often recovers within weeks
- Menstruation: May take months to return to normal
- Bone health: May take years to improve or possibly never reach optimal levels
- Blood biomarkers: Requires further validation and research for recovery timeframe
Disordered Eating & Exercise in Athletes
-
Normal Eating: Flexible, moderate, balanced, driven by internal hunger/fullness cues.
- Allows for some constraint, but prioritizes nutrient-rich foods and includes enjoyable foods.
-
Disordered Eating: Deviates from normal eating patterns, involving unhealthy behaviors and thoughts.
- Subclinical: Yo-yo dieting, restrictive eating, fasting/feasting, rigid eating patterns, compulsive exercise.
- Eating Disorders: Serious mental illnesses with disturbances in behavior, thoughts, and feelings towards body, food, and eating.
-
Eating Disorders : DSM-5 Criteria
-
Anorexia Nervosa: Extreme caloric restriction, significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image.
- Prevalence: >90% females, commonly diagnosed between ages 13-25.
-
Bulimia Nervosa: Recurrent binge eating episodes followed by compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise) to prevent weight gain.
- Prevalence: >90% females, diagnosed across broader age range (adolescence to middle adulthood).
-
Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Eating large amounts of food in a short period of time (binges) with a sense of loss of control.
- Accompanied by feelings of guilt, shame, and disgust after binging.
- Prevalence: Most common eating disorder in Australia.
- Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders (OSFED): Diagnosed when individuals meet most criteria but don’t fully meet the requirements for existing eating disorder diagnoses.
- Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorders (UFED): Similar to OSFED but symptoms may not be as severe.
-
Anorexia Nervosa: Extreme caloric restriction, significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image.
-
Exercise Dependence: Compulsive exercise despite negative consequences to quality of life, health, or injuries.
- Can be a mechanism to control weight or body image.
- Prevalence: Commonly found with eating disorders.
-
Prevalence of Eating Disorders:
- General Population: 8.4% of women, 2.2% of men will experience an eating disorder in their lifetime.
- Athletes: 14-16% of athletes may experience an eating disorder in their lifetime (almost double that of the general population).
-
Prevalence of Disordered Eating in Athletes:
- Females: 6-45% may engage in disordered eating.
- Males: As high as 19% may engage in disordered eating.
-
Butterfly Foundation Statistics (Australia):
- 1.1 million people have an eating disorder.
- 34% have OSFED/UFED.
- Within the main eating disorder classifications, BED (21%), Bulimia (11%), and Anorexia (3.5%).
- Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN): Meets all criteria for anorexia but starts at a weight above normal BMI.
Atypical Anorexia Nervosa
- Diagnosed when individuals with anorexia nervosa do not meet the criteria for a BMI of less than 18.
Risk Factors for Eating Disorders
- Genetics: Family history of mental illness, particularly eating disorders.
- Family Environment: Disordered eating behaviors, dieting discussions, obsessive food talk, controlling language around food, categorizing food as "good" or “bad,” and a lack of healthy food behavior modeling.
- Personality Traits: Perfectionism, obsessive personality, a need to maintain control, low self-esteem, trauma, and complex PTSD.
- Cultural Influences: Cultural expectations of body ideals and thinness.
- Life Events: Major life changes or losses.
- Athletics: Body requirements, body ideals, and weight requirements in certain sports.
- Dieting: Food restriction with the intention of weight loss is the single biggest predictor for the onset of an eating disorder.
Health Consequences of Eating Disorders
- Low Energy Availability: Resulting in menstrual and endocrine disturbances, low bone mineral density, impaired immune function, and fatigue.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Due to restricted food intake, including iron-deficiency anemia.
- Electrolyte Imbalances & Dehydration: Especially with purging and laxative use, leading to dangerous conditions like impaired cardiac function and low blood pressure.
- Gastrointestinal Problems: Bloating, constipation, diarrhea, and impaired intestinal function.
- Oral Health: Tooth decay and dental problems due to stomach acid from purging.
- Impaired Mood, Cognitive, and Psychological Functioning: Resulting in impaired decision making and emotional regulation.
Eating Disorders in Athletes
-
High Risk Sports:
- Aesthetically Judged Sports: Gymnastics, figure skating, dance, diving, bodybuilding, cheerleading, and synchronized swimming.
- Gravitational Sports: Long-distance running, cross-country skiing, cycling, ski jumping, and athletics jumping events.
- Weight-Class Sports: Horse racing, rowing, weight lifting, and combat sports.
-
Prevalence:
- Eating disorders are not limited to specific sports, genders, ages, body sizes, cultures, socioeconomic backgrounds, or skill levels.
- Sports requiring certified weight before competition do have a higher prevalence of disordered eating.
Distinguishing Normal from Disordered Eating and Exercise Patterns
-
Performance:
- Normal: Improved performance, purposeful training, adequate rest, no overtraining.
- Disordered: Performance decline, excessive training, self-imposed overtraining, exercise dependence, anxiety and psychological adversity when unable to train, continued training despite injury or medical advice.
-
Energy Intake:
- Normal: Monitored calorie intake for sport needs, disciplined but not obsessive eating, adequate energy consumption.
- Disordered: Controlled calorie intake, low energy availability, obsessive calorie counting, anxiety and guilt with overeating.
-
Food Perspectives:
- Normal: Food is necessary for training, enjoyment of eating, positive view of food.
- Disordered: Food restriction, negative view of food.
-
Dietary Intake:
- Normal: Healthy foods, adequate calories, flexible eating patterns, enjoyment of lower nutrient-dense foods.
- Disordered: Avoidance of lower nutrient-dense foods, rigid and inflexible eating patterns, social isolation due to food concerns.
-
Body Image:
- Normal: Accurate and neutral body image, realistic weight and body composition goals, attainable goals without health risks.
- Disordered: Distorted and negative body image, unrealistic weight and body composition goals, goals not necessarily performance-related, goals often driven by body image concerns.
-
Muscle Mass:
- Normal: Muscle mass increase or maintenance with resistance training.
- Disordered: Muscle mass decrease or inability to increase due to low energy availability and food restriction.
Psychological Distinctions Between Normal and Disordered Eating
- Normal Eating & Exercise: Positive emotional and mental health.
-
Disordered Eating:
- Anxiety, guilt, and shame when unable to adhere to a diet plan.
- Distress when unable to adhere to an exercise plan.
- Social isolation, withdrawal, and depression.
Signs and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in Athletes
-
Physical:
- Repeated injuries, especially stress fractures and muscle injuries.
- Slow recovery from illness or injury.
- Frequent illnesses.
- Gastrointestinal problems (constipation, diarrhea).
- Rapid or unexplained weight gain or loss.
- Iron-deficiency anemia.
- Irregular or absent menstruation.
-
Behavioral:
- Sudden changes in food rules or eating patterns.
- Bathroom visits after meals.
- Wearing baggy or layered clothing.
- Relentless and excessive exercise.
Recognizing Early Signs in Athletes
- Key indicators include the motivation and intention behind behaviors, especially in athletes. Be aware of the fine line between rigorous training that benefits performance and disordered eating and exercise that undermines performance.
- It's crucial to be able to detect behaviors that might indicate an eating disorder.
- Watch the YouTube video on Ali Ostrander’s experience with an eating disorder.
Energy Availability
- Energy availability (EA) is the surplus of energy remaining after subtracting energy expended during exercise from total energy intake, relative to fat-free mass.
- Low EA can lead to issues like the Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S).
- A surplus of energy is required for activities of daily living, recovery, growth, development, adaptation, and overall health.
- Stable body weight doesn't necessarily mean optimal fueling, low EA can be hidden by the body's compensation mechanisms.
Female Athlete Triad
- The Female Athlete Triad is a spectrum representing EA, menstrual function, and bone mineral density.
- Athletes can move along this spectrum at different rates based on diet and exercise habits.
- EA impacts bone health through metabolic hormones and indirectly through menstrual function and estrogen.
- In optimal health, adequate EA supports a normal menstrual cycle and healthy bone mineral density.
- The Triad can exist on a continuum ranging from mild to severe, not just an all-or-nothing condition.
- Any physically active female is at risk, not just elite athletes.
- Low estrogen levels due to amenorrhea contribute to bone calcium loss and weakened bone structure, increasing fracture risk.
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)
- RED-S is a broader term than low EA as it acknowledges low EA can occur without an energy deficit.
- It places low EA at the core of the model, impacting more systems than just menstrual function and bone health.
- RED-S affects both male and female athletes.
- It can lead to hormonal imbalances, weakened bones, increased injury risk, psychological impacts, immune dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, disordered eating, and physical health concerns like reduced muscle protein synthesis, cardiovascular risk, and impaired growth.
Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment of RED-S
- Preventing RED-S starts with avoiding ongoing energy deficits.
- Athletes should work with professionals to find body composition and weight that supports bone health and performance without harm.
- Early intervention is crucial by monitoring for key signs like eating patterns, recurrent injuries, and fatigue.
- Regular screening is essential, including annual physical exams, lab tests, and DEXA scans.
- The RED-S model and screening tools like LEAF-Q and the Female Athlete Triad cumulative risk assessment tool can guide evaluation and management plans.
- The AIS website provides resources on the clinical management of RED-S and monitoring low EA.
- Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause: low EA.
- Nutritional interventions that promote bone health, support training, and immune function are also important.
- Energy intake needs to be increased gradually, considering athletes' fears of weight gain.
- Periodization of energy and carbohydrate intake can improve recovery by matching intake to expenditure.
- Adequate protein, calcium, vitamin D, and fiber intake are essential.
- Reducing non-essential training can decrease exercise expenditure and increase EA.
- Ensuring adequate sleep and addressing mental health concerns like stress, depression, and anxiety are crucial for recovery.
- Improving EA is the primary focus, not just masking symptoms or addressing them superficially.
Recovery from RED-S
- Markers of RED-S recover at varying rates:
- Resting metabolic rate improves within weeks.
- Menstruation can take months.
- Bone health recovery can take much longer and may not fully return to optimal levels.
- Blood biomarkers require further research to understand recovery timelines.
Conclusion
- Understanding the concepts of EA, the Female Athlete Triad, and RED-S is crucial for supporting athletes.
- Prevention, early intervention, and appropriate treatment are vital to ensure athletes' physical and mental well-being.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the nuances of eating disorders, particularly in athletes. It discusses the distinction between normal and abnormal eating patterns, the impact on performance, and signs and symptoms to look out for. Understanding these issues is crucial for maintaining health and optimizing athletic performance.
