Types and Epidemiology of Eating Disorders

Questions and Answers

Which of the following are types of eating disorders? (Select all that apply)

Bulimia nervosa (correct)

Eating disorders not otherwise specified (correct)

Anorexia nervosa (correct)

Body dysmorphic disorder (correct)

ARFID (correct)

Eating disorders are technically classified as what?

Anxiety disorders in ICD, particularly body dysmorphia.

What is the epidemiology of eating disorders?

Anorexia nervosa 8%, binge eating disorder 22%, bulimia nervosa 19%, ARFID 5%, OSFED 47%.

Define anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia is characterized by the refusal to maintain a normal body weight through self-starvation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of anorexia nervosa by gender?

Women: 1-4%, Men: 0.2-0.4%, Ratio 10:1. Signup and view all the answers

What are the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa?

Body weight below 15% of that expected or BMI below the threshold. Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis of bulimia nervosa?

Better than anorexia, with about 70% recovering fully or showing significant improvement. Signup and view all the answers

Define EDNOS.

Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in EDNOS?

Includes night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder. Signup and view all the answers

Define night time eating syndrome.

At least 1/4 of daily calories after dinner, with specific symptoms including lack of appetite in the morning and insomnia. Signup and view all the answers

Define binge eating disorder.

Significant binge-eating episodes followed by distress, but without purging or fasting. Signup and view all the answers

What are some complications of binge eating disorder? (Select all that apply)

Weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What are the signs of OFSED?

Difficulties eating in front of others, low confidence and self-esteem, negative body image, and irritability. Signup and view all the answers

Define ARFID.

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder characterized by avoiding certain foods or types of food. Signup and view all the answers

Define orthorexia.

Obsession with eating foods considered healthy. Signup and view all the answers

Define PICA.

Consumption of non-nutritive substances for at least one month, not culturally appropriate. Signup and view all the answers

Define bigorexia.

Muscle dysmorphic disorder characterized by an obsession with body size and muscle tone. Signup and view all the answers

What is rumination-regurgitation disorder?

Characterized by intentional and repeated bringing up of previously swallowed food back into the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What antidepressant is contraindicated in eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia)?

Bupropion. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Types of Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa: Characterized by self-starvation and refusal to maintain normal body weight.
Bulimia Nervosa: Involves binge-eating followed by purging, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS): Also known as Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders (OSFED).
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Avoidance of certain foods and restricted overall food intake, often based on sensory issues or low interest.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A form of anxiety regarding body image, not directly tied to food habits.

Epidemiology of Eating Disorders

Anorexia Nervosa: Least common at 8%, most prevalent among ages 15-19.
Bulimia Nervosa: Accounts for 19% of cases.
Binge Eating Disorder: Represents 22% of eating disorder cases.
ARFID: Constitutes about 5%.
OSFED: The most prevalent at 47%.

Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa

Prevalence: Affects 1-4% of women and 0.2-0.4% of men, with a male to female ratio of 1:10.
Ethnicity: More common in Caucasian individuals.
Socioeconomic Status: Predominantly occurs in middle-class populations, especially in western industrialized nations.
Age: Primarily impacts ages 15-20.
Occupation: Frequently seen in dancers, models, celebrities, and athletes.

Diagnostic Criteria for Anorexia Nervosa

Body weight that is at least 15% below the expected weight or a BMI indicative of starvation.

Prognosis of Bulimia Nervosa

Generally better than that of anorexia.
Approximately 70% of individuals recover fully or experience significant improvement.
Common medical issues include electrolyte imbalances and gastric problems.
Mortality risk is 80% lower compared to anorexia nervosa.

Features of EDNOS

Encompasses conditions like night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder.

Night Eating Syndrome

Involves consuming a significant portion of daily calories after dinner.
Symptoms include morning appetite loss, nighttime eating urges, sleep issues, and mood disturbances.

Binge Eating Disorder

Entails recurrent binge-eating episodes followed by feelings of distress or guilt, without compensatory behaviors like purging.

Complications of Binge Eating Disorder

Associated health risks include diabetes, hypertension, weight gain, and joint pain.

Signs of OSFED

Manifested by difficulties eating in public, preoccupation with food, low self-esteem, negative body image, mood swings, fatigue, social withdrawal, feelings of shame, and secretive eating behaviors.

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Characterized by avoiding certain foods and overall food intake; could stem from sensory sensitivities or concerns about eating consequences.

Orthorexia

Defined as an obsession with eating only "healthy" foods, leading to restrictive eating patterns.

Pica

Involves the consumption of non-nutritive substances for over a month, not aligned with cultural norms.

Bigorexia

A form of muscle dysmorphic disorder marked by excessive focus on diet and exercise, and an obsession with body size.

Rumination-Regurgitation Disorder

Characterized by the intentional bringing up of swallowed food for re-chewing or deliberate spitting out, different from vomiting.

Medication Contraindicated in Eating Disorders

Bupropion is contraindicated in anorexia and bulimia due to the increased risk of seizures.

Clinical Features

Utilize ICD-10 criteria to define the symptoms and diagnosis of anorexia and bulimia, reflecting the psychological and physical aspects of these disorders.

Management of Eating Disorders

Identify appropriate interventions following the biopsychosocial (BPS) model and NICE guidelines to effectively address eating disorder issues.

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Description

This quiz covers various types of eating disorders, including Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and ARFID, along with their epidemiology. You'll explore characteristics, prevalence rates, and the impact these disorders have on different populations. Test your knowledge on this critical health topic and improve your understanding of eating disorders.