Recent

  • Show all results for ""

🎧 New: AI-Generated Podcasts Turn your study notes into engaging audio conversations. Learn more

Gr 12 Life Sciences June Exam P2 (Easy)
238 Questions
19 Views

Gr 12 Life Sciences June Exam P2 (Easy)

Created by
@RaptOganesson

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Where is DNA primarily located in eukaryotic cells?

  • In the nucleus (correct)
  • In the ribosomes
  • In the cytoplasm
  • In the cell membrane

    • What is the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?

  • It is responsible for photosynthesis in plants
  • It plays a critical role in energy production within the cell (correct)
  • It carries the majority of genetic information for an organism
  • It is responsible for the structure and function of the cell membrane

    • What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

  • It is essential for photosynthesis, enabling plants to convert light energy into chemical energy (correct)
  • It is responsible for the structure and function of the cell wall
  • It regulates the growth and development of the plant
  • It is essential for the production of enzymes in the plant

    • What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>To store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chromosomes composed of?

    <p>DNA and proteins called histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the key discovery that paved the way for understanding DNA's structure?

    <p>The use of X-ray diffraction to study DNA's molecular structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a nucleotide is responsible for encoding genetic information?

    <p>The nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>To store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replication initiated?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of protein synthesis does DNA unwind and unzip?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying specific amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur in animals?

    <p>Sex organs (testes and ovaries)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the first meiotic division in meiosis?

    <p>Reduction of chromosome number by half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during telophase I in meiosis?

    <p>Reformation of nuclear membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of helicases in DNA replication?

    <p>To unwind the double helix and separate the DNA strands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does DNA polymerase add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

    <p>5' to 3' direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of DNA replication?

    <p>To conserve genetic information and support cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting?

    <p>To identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about interpreting DNA profiles is true?

    <p>Interpretation should be done cautiously due to potential sources of error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>Halve the chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific error during meiosis can lead to Down Syndrome?

    <p>Non-disjunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humans, what is the result when an abnormal gamete with 24 chromosomes fuses with a normal gamete with 23 chromosomes?

    <p>Down Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the formation of gametes with different combinations of chromosomes?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary use of DNA profiling?

    <p>Identifying crime suspects through DNA evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell?

    <p>Carrying the genetic code from DNA to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the structure of RNA?

    <p>A single-stranded polymer made up of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Transporting amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about protein synthesis is correct?

    <p>It converts the genetic code within DNA into functional proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of mitosis?

    <p>Cell growth and repair of damaged tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about meiosis is correct?

    <p>It produces four genetically diverse daughter cells with half the chromosome number of the parent cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between anaphase in mitosis and meiosis I?

    <p>In mitosis, chromatids separate, while in meiosis I, whole chromosomes separate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

    <p>Producing genetically diverse gametes for sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis II is similar to mitosis?

    <p>All phases of meiosis II are similar to mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic diversity among the produced gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between telophase in mitosis and meiosis I?

    <p>In mitosis, two identical daughter cells are formed, while in meiosis I, two haploid and genetically distinct daughter cells are formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of meiosis in maintaining the chromosome number in species?

    <p>It halves the chromosome number in the daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis and meiosis are complementary processes that play distinct roles in the life cycle of organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location of DNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structures are made of DNA and histones?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) primarily inherited from?

    <p>Maternally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to the nucleus, where else can DNA be found in plant cells?

    <p>Mitochondria and Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>Storing and transmitting genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?

    <p>Facilitating accurate DNA replication and information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine in DNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process involved in protein synthesis based on the central dogma of molecular biology?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mRNA formed?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which RNA type is involved in transporting amino acids to the ribosome?

    <p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of RNA compared to DNA?

    <p>Single-stranded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

    <p>Assemble amino acids into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cell compartment is rRNA located?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA replication?

    <p>To ensure the transmission of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of helicases in DNA replication?

    <p>To unwind the DNA double helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does DNA polymerase add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

    <p>3' to 5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting?

    <p>To identify individuals based on their unique DNA characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about interpreting DNA profiles is true?

    <p>Interpretation should be approached cautiously due to potential sources of error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of transcription?

    <p>To transfer genetic information from DNA to mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the process of translation?

    <p>mRNA attaches to a ribosome, and tRNA molecules bring amino acids to synthesize a protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of meiosis?

    <p>To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>To carry specific amino acids and match them to codons on mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

    <p>To introduce genetic variation and produce haploid gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of meiosis contributes to genetic variation?

    <p>Crossing over during Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>Production of gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when an abnormal gamete with 24 chromosomes fuses with a normal gamete with 23 chromosomes in humans?

    <p>A zygote with 47 chromosomes, leading to Down Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis involves one division, while meiosis involves two divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis I do homologous chromosomes pair up?

    <p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chromosome number differ between the parent cell and daughter cells in mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>In mitosis, the chromosome number remains constant, while in meiosis, it is halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>To increase genetic diversity among the gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of meiosis I in terms of daughter cells?

    <p>Two genetically different haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis II resembles mitosis?

    <p>All phases of meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Growth and repair of somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis is similar to metaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of meiosis in terms of genetic diversity?

    <p>Genetically diverse gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Meiosis is a specialized form of mitosis for gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA primarily located in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cells?

    <p>Plays a role in energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, where can chloroplast DNA be found?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plants?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chromosomes composed of?

    <p>DNA and histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a short RNA primer during DNA replication?

    <p>Primerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During DNA replication, in which direction do DNA polymerase enzymes add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of ligase enzymes in DNA replication termination?

    <p>Joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process helps ensure the fidelity of DNA replication by correcting errors or mismatches in base pairing?

    <p>Proofreading and Repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does DNA replication play in cell growth and division?

    <p>Supporting cellular function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA replication?

    <p>To ensure the continuity of genetic information during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the structure of DNA?

    <p>DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    <p>To encode genetic information through their specific sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of protein synthesis that occurs in the nucleus?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, what is the function of tRNA molecules in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Carrying amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during telophase I of meiosis?

    <p>Chromosomes split into two sets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location for meiosis in plants?

    <p>Anthers and ovules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of meiosis in terms of chromosome maintenance?

    <p>To reduce chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell?

    <p>To carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>To deliver the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order specified by the mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) primarily located within the cell?

    <p>Within the ribosomes in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting?

    <p>To identify crime suspects by comparing DNA samples from crime scenes with those from suspects or databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the structure of RNA?

    <p>RNA is a polymer made up of nucleotides consisting of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>To introduce genetic variation in offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>The production of gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis maintains the chromosome number, while meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>The production of haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis II is similar to mitosis?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the daughter cells produced in mitosis and those produced in meiosis?

    <p>Daughter cells in mitosis are genetically identical, while those in meiosis are genetically different.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of mitosis in the life cycle of organisms?

    <p>Mitosis ensures growth and maintenance of multicellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between metaphase in mitosis and metaphase I in meiosis?

    <p>In mitosis, homologous chromosomes pair up, while in meiosis I, individual chromosomes align on the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic variability among gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis II resembles mitosis for haploid cells?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of meiosis with regard to genetic diversity?

    <p>Generation of varied combinations of genes among gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of meiosis is the chromosome number halved?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to genetic variability among produced gametes during meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over during prophase I.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do daughter cells produced in mitosis compare to those produced in meiosis?

    <p>Daughter cells from mitosis are identical while those from meiosis are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA primarily located in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular organelle contains DNA responsible for energy production within the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

    <p>Plays a role in photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is made of DNA and proteins, organizing and compacting the DNA within the cell nucleus?

    <p>Chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to the nucleus, where else can DNA be found in cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is messenger RNA (mRNA) formed?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Transports amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RNA differ from DNA structurally?

    <p>RNA contains uracil instead of thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules primarily located?

    <p>Within the ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a critical breakthrough that enabled the discovery of DNA's double helix structure?

    <p>The application of X-ray diffraction techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carries the genetic code from DNA to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>To store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the specific base pairing between nitrogenous bases in DNA?

    <p>It ensures accurate copying during DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell?

    <p>To carry instructions for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of meiosis in the cell cycle?

    <p>Reducing the chromosome number in gametes for sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA polymerase in protein synthesis?

    <p>Adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does mRNA exit from after transcription in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme facilitates the unwinding of the DNA double helix during the initiation step of DNA replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA polymerase enzymes during DNA replication?

    <p>To add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which direction does DNA replication occur?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of DNA replication?

    <p>To conserve genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about interpreting DNA profiles is correct?

    <p>Interpretation should be approached cautiously due to potential errors and non-unique DNA regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis?

    <p>Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells, while mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Down Syndrome?

    <p>Non-disjunction during meiosis, leading to an extra copy of chromosome 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of meiosis in sexual reproduction?

    <p>Producing gametes with a haploid chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process during meiosis contributes to genetic variation in offspring?

    <p>Random assortment of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis are whole chromosomes pulled to poles?

    <p>Metaphase in meiosis I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between metaphase in mitosis and metaphase I in meiosis?

    <p>In meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs line up on the equator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the second division in meiosis (Meiosis II) for haploid cells?

    <p>Results in two haploid daughter cells that are not identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Meiosis?

    <p>Genetic diversity and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase results in two haploid daughter cells that are not identical in meiosis I?

    <p>Telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes significantly to genetic variability among produced gametes during meiosis?

    <p>Crossing over and halving of chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is responsible for ensuring that end products are haploid but genetically varied in Meiosis II?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Homologous chromosomes pair up' is a characteristic feature of which phase?

    <p>'Prophase' in meiosis I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Karyokinesis and cytokinesis occur twice' is specific to which process?

    <p>'Mitosis'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA primarily located within eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular organelles, in addition to the nucleus, contain DNA?

    <p>Mitochondria and chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chromosomes primarily made of?

    <p>Proteins and nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of primase in DNA replication?

    <p>Synthesizing a short RNA primer for DNA polymerases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic diversity?

    <p>Contributes to genetic diversity through mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication termination?

    <p>Ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA profiling or DNA fingerprinting?

    <p>Identifying individuals based on unique DNA characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do DNA polymerases contribute to the fidelity of DNA replication?

    <p>Proofreading errors and mismatches in base pairing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mRNA formed?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Facilitating protein synthesis in ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes RNA different from DNA in terms of structure?

    <p>RNA is single-stranded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?

    <p>Uracil (U)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>Delivering amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>To store and transmit genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA double helix?

    <p>Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA replication?

    <p>To ensure the continuity of genetic information during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>To carry the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes for translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

    <p>To produce gametes with a haploid number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>The production of gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>It introduces genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis results in two diploid daughter cells, while meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of meiosis with regard to genetic diversity?

    <p>The introduction of genetic variation through crossing over and random assortment of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of mRNA during the translation stage of protein synthesis?

    <p>To decode the sequence of nucleotides into a polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tRNA during protein synthesis?

    <p>To carry amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the first meiotic division (Meiosis I)?

    <p>The chromosome number is halved, and two haploid cells are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>To increase genetic diversity in the offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>The chromosome number is halved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of meiosis II resembles mitosis?

    <p>All phases of meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of meiosis in maintaining the chromosome number in species?

    <p>Halving the chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis are whole chromosomes pulled to poles?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of meiosis in the cell cycle?

    <p>Production of gametes for sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do daughter cells produced in mitosis compare to those produced in meiosis?

    <p>Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about meiosis is correct?

    <p>It halves the chromosome number in daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA replication in terms of genetic diversity?

    <p>It maintains the same genetic information in daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is DNA primarily located in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains DNA responsible for energy production within the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloroplast DNA in plants?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structures are made of DNA and proteins called histones?

    <p>Chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within a cell?

    <p>Energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of DNA?

    <p>Storing and transmitting genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the two strands of DNA together in the double helix structure?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of DNA replication?

    <p>It ensures continuity of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base pairs with cytosine in DNA?

    <p>Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does DNA replication take place in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme facilitates the unwinding of the DNA double helix during replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing a short RNA primer necessary for initiating DNA strand synthesis?

    <p>Primase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction in which DNA polymerases add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?

    <p>5' to 3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, creating a continuous double-stranded DNA molecule during replication?

    <p>Ligase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of proofreading abilities in DNA polymerases during replication?

    <p>Minimizing mismatch errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is mRNA formed within the cell?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nitrogenous base is unique to RNA and not found in DNA?

    <p>Uracil (U)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying amino acids to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of RNA plays a critical role in the structure and function of ribosomes?

    <p>Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>Carrying genetic code from DNA to cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do the centromeres divide and the spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids toward opposite poles?

    <p>Anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of meiosis in the cell cycle?

    <p>Introduction of genetic variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence can result from non-disjunction during meiosis?

    <p>Generation of gametes with abnormal chromosome numbers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material at chiasmata during meiosis?

    <p>Formation of genetically unique chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about the final outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?

    <p>Offspring have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of transcription in protein synthesis?

    <p>To transfer genetic information from DNA to mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, what happens when a tRNA's anticodon matches a codon on the mRNA?

    <p>An amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of homologous chromosomes aligning during meiosis?

    <p>To increase genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of meiosis does the cell split into two through cytokinesis?

    <p>Telophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of the second meiotic division (Meiosis II)?

    <p>Halving of the chromosome number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of the resulting daughter cells?

    <p>Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of meiosis in the life cycle of organisms?

    <p>Reduction of chromosome number and production of gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chromosome arrangement differ between metaphase in mitosis and metaphase I in meiosis?

    <p>In mitosis, individual chromosomes line up on the equator, while in meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs line up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of mitosis in the life cycle of organisms?

    <p>Growth and maintenance of somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chromosome number change during meiosis compared to mitosis?

    <p>The chromosome number is halved in meiosis but remains constant in mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of meiosis II for the haploid daughter cells produced in meiosis I?

    <p>Meiosis II produces four genetically varied haploid daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does meiosis occur in animals to produce gametes?

    <p>In the sex organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary significance of crossing over during meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic variability among the produced gametes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Quizzes Like This

    DNA and RNA: The Blueprint of Life Quiz
    5 questions

    DNA and RNA: The Blueprint of Life Quiz

    QualifiedHeptagon avatar
    QualifiedHeptagon
    CH 1: DNA: Location, Structure, and Functions
    51 questions

    CH 1: DNA: Location, Structure, and Functions

    RaptOganesson avatar
    RaptOganesson
    Nov Exam Easy 1
    943 questions

    Nov Exam Easy 1

    RaptOganesson avatar
    RaptOganesson
    Gr 12 Life Sciences June Exam P2 (Hard)
    227 questions

    Grade 12 Life Sciences: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) & Mitosis Quiz and F...

    RaptOganesson avatar
    RaptOganesson
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser