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What is the study of life called?
What is the study of life called?
Biology
What is the science of animals called?
What is the science of animals called?
Zoology
What is the study of insects called?
What is the study of insects called?
Entomology
What is the study of parasitic animals called?
What is the study of parasitic animals called?
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What is the science of plants called?
What is the science of plants called?
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What is the study of bacteria called?
What is the study of bacteria called?
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What does the term Microbiology encompass?
What does the term Microbiology encompass?
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What is the branch of biology that deals with heredity and biological variation called?
What is the branch of biology that deals with heredity and biological variation called?
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What is the study of the form and structure of organisms called?
What is the study of the form and structure of organisms called?
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What is the study of the internal structures of organs and associated tissue types called?
What is the study of the internal structures of organs and associated tissue types called?
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What is the study that involves the interactions between organisms (plants and animals) and their environment called?
What is the study that involves the interactions between organisms (plants and animals) and their environment called?
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All living things are composed of cells.
All living things are composed of cells.
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The basic unit of structure and function in an organism is the cell.
The basic unit of structure and function in an organism is the cell.
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Living things can be either unicellular or multicellular.
Living things can be either unicellular or multicellular.
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Cell structure is highly diverse, but all cells share common characteristics.
Cell structure is highly diverse, but all cells share common characteristics.
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What is the device that allows people to view specimens in detail too small for the naked eye to see?
What is the device that allows people to view specimens in detail too small for the naked eye to see?
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What is the term for how many times the object is enlarged within the viewing lens?
What is the term for how many times the object is enlarged within the viewing lens?
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What is the term for how detailed the object appears when viewed?
What is the term for how detailed the object appears when viewed?
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What type of microscope uses light to illuminate the specimen?
What type of microscope uses light to illuminate the specimen?
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The image seen with a compound microscope is ______ dimensional.
The image seen with a compound microscope is ______ dimensional.
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The image seen with a dissection microscope is ______ dimensional.
The image seen with a dissection microscope is ______ dimensional.
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What type of microscope is most commonly used?
What type of microscope is most commonly used?
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What type of microscope is used in dissection to get a better look at the larger specimen?
What type of microscope is used in dissection to get a better look at the larger specimen?
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What type of microscope utilizes electron illumination and produces a three-dimensional image?
What type of microscope utilizes electron illumination and produces a three-dimensional image?
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What type of microscope uses electron illumination and produces a two-dimensional image?
What type of microscope uses electron illumination and produces a two-dimensional image?
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The light microscope can magnify the cell structure to about 1,000 times the normal size.
The light microscope can magnify the cell structure to about 1,000 times the normal size.
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The electron microscope floods the specimens with a beam of electrons.
The electron microscope floods the specimens with a beam of electrons.
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What is the ability of a microscope to enlarge specimens for the viewer called?
What is the ability of a microscope to enlarge specimens for the viewer called?
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What is the ability of a microscope to reveal fine detail of the specimen called?
What is the ability of a microscope to reveal fine detail of the specimen called?
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What is another term for somatic cell division?
What is another term for somatic cell division?
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Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell.
Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell.
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Prokaryotic cells comprise bacteria and archaea.
Prokaryotic cells comprise bacteria and archaea.
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Prokaryotes typically have a diameter of 0.1 -5 µm.
Prokaryotes typically have a diameter of 0.1 -5 µm.
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Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
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Prokaryotic DNA is circular and can be found in a region called the nucleoid.
Prokaryotic DNA is circular and can be found in a region called the nucleoid.
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Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan.
Prokaryotes have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan.
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Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
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Eukaryotes are organisms containing eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotes are organisms containing eukaryotic cells.
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All prokaryotes are fundamentally single-celled in comparison to multicellular eukaryotes.
All prokaryotes are fundamentally single-celled in comparison to multicellular eukaryotes.
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Most prokaryotic cells are only 1 micrometer or less in diameter.
Most prokaryotic cells are only 1 micrometer or less in diameter.
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Eukaryotic cells have chromosomes made up of both nucleic acids and proteins.
Eukaryotic cells have chromosomes made up of both nucleic acids and proteins.
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Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound nuclei. Instead, their naked circular DNA is localized in a zone of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid.
Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound nuclei. Instead, their naked circular DNA is localized in a zone of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid.
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Cell division in eukaryotes takes place by mitosis and involves spindles made up of microtubules.
Cell division in eukaryotes takes place by mitosis and involves spindles made up of microtubules.
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Cell division in prokaryotes takes place mainly by binary fission.
Cell division in prokaryotes takes place mainly by binary fission.
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Internal compartmentalization is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Internal compartmentalization is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Prokaryotes have flagella.
Prokaryotes have flagella.
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Only one kind of photosynthesis occurs in eukaryotes.
Only one kind of photosynthesis occurs in eukaryotes.
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Prokaryotes have several different patterns of anaerobic and aerobic photosynthesis.
Prokaryotes have several different patterns of anaerobic and aerobic photosynthesis.
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All bacteria may be classified into two types based on differences in their cell walls detected by the Gram staining procedure.
All bacteria may be classified into two types based on differences in their cell walls detected by the Gram staining procedure.
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Gram-positive bacteria have a thick, single-layered cell wall that retains a violet dye from the Gram stain procedure.
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick, single-layered cell wall that retains a violet dye from the Gram stain procedure.
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Gram-negative bacteria contain less peptidoglycan and do not retain the purple-colored dye.
Gram-negative bacteria contain less peptidoglycan and do not retain the purple-colored dye.
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Gram stain testing is a method for classifying bacteria based on their cell wall.
Gram stain testing is a method for classifying bacteria based on their cell wall.
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The outer lipid membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is difficult to penetrate.
The outer lipid membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is difficult to penetrate.
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Gram-positive bacteria have an outer lipid membrane.
Gram-positive bacteria have an outer lipid membrane.
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Gram-negative bacteria are harder to kill.
Gram-negative bacteria are harder to kill.
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Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria require the same treatments.
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria require the same treatments.
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Gram-negative bacteria can still cause problems.
Gram-negative bacteria can still cause problems.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Biology
- Biology is the study of life.
- It's derived from Greek words "bios" (life) and "logos" (study).
- The study of living organisms covers morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
Characteristics of Living Organisms
- Cellular organization: All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- Ordered complexity: Living organisms are complex and highly organized.
- Sensitivity: Organisms respond to stimuli.
- Growth, development, and reproduction: Organisms grow and reproduce.
- Energy utilization: Organisms use energy to function.
- Homeostasis: Organisms maintain a relatively consistent internal environment.
- Evolutionary adaptation: Organisms adapt to their environment.
Biological Sciences
- Zoology: The science of animals;
- Entomology: A specialized branch of zoology, focused on insects.
- Parasitology: Another branch of zoology, focused on parasitic animals.
- Botany/Phytology: The science of plants.
- Mycology: The study of fungi.
- Bacteriology: The study of bacteria.
- Virology: The study of viruses.
- Microbiology: The study of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses).
- Genetics: The study of heredity and biological variation.
- Morphology: The study of form and structure.
- Anatomy: The study of internal structures of organs and tissues.
- Ecology: The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Cells
- All living things are made up of cells.
- Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.
- Cells can be either unicellular or multicellular.
- Cell structure is diverse, but all cells share common features.
Microscopy
- Cells are studied using microscopes because they are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
- Microscopes use magnification and resolution to enlarge and detail the object.
- Light microscopes: Magnify cell structure up to 1,000 times. Use light waves and a system of lenses to image the specimen.
- There are different types of light microscopes, such as bright-field, dark-field, phase contrast, differential interference contrast, and fluorescence microscopes.
- Electron microscopes: Have higher resolution, reveal finer details (ultra-structure) of cell components. Use a beam of electrons illuminating the specimen-
- Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) used for studying internal structures and scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) used for studying surface features.
Cell Theory
- Explains the relationship between cells and living things, forming the foundation of modern biology.
- Three main principles of the cell theory:
- All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- Cells are the basic units of organization of organisms.
- Cells arise only from pre-existing cells.
- Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are two main categories.
Prokaryotes
- Single-celled organisms, lacking a membrane-bounded nucleus.
- DNA is circular and located in a region called the nucleoid of the cytoplasm.
- Cells have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan,
- Prokaryotes are important in ecology and have two major domains.
Eukaryotes
- Organisms containing eukaryotic cells which have a membrane-bound nucleus.
- DNA is enclosed within the nucleus and cells are larger than prokaryotes.
- Eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Bacteria
- One-celled prokaryotes.
- Classified into two types based on cell wall structure using Gram staining.
- Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall that retains a violet dye and stain purple.
- Gram-negative bacteria have a thin cell wall and do not retain the violet dye, instead they are stained red.
- Differences in their cell wall structure affect how they deal with antibiotics.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of biology, the study of life, and its diverse characteristics. This quiz covers essential topics including cellular organization, growth, and the various branches of biological sciences like zoology and botany. Test your knowledge of living organisms and their vital processes.
