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Questions and Answers
Which term describes a body part that is located further from the point of attachment than another part?
Which term describes a body part that is located further from the point of attachment than another part?
What is the primary role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
What is the primary role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
In which type of bond are electrons shared unequally between atoms, leading to partial charges?
In which type of bond are electrons shared unequally between atoms, leading to partial charges?
Which of the following correctly describes a cation?
Which of the following correctly describes a cation?
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What is the significance of valence electrons in chemical bonding?
What is the significance of valence electrons in chemical bonding?
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What is the pH range for a neutral solution?
What is the pH range for a neutral solution?
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Which of the following correctly defines homeostasis?
Which of the following correctly defines homeostasis?
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Which type of feedback mechanism enhances the initial stimulus in a biological context?
Which type of feedback mechanism enhances the initial stimulus in a biological context?
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What distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid?
What distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid?
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What is the primary difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids?
What is the primary difference between monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids?
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Where are phospholipids primarily found in a cell?
Where are phospholipids primarily found in a cell?
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What is the basic structural unit of proteins?
What is the basic structural unit of proteins?
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Which structure represents the highest level of protein organization?
Which structure represents the highest level of protein organization?
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What distinguishes DNA from RNA in terms of structure?
What distinguishes DNA from RNA in terms of structure?
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What is the main function of ATP in a cell?
What is the main function of ATP in a cell?
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What occurs to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?
What occurs to a red blood cell in a hypertonic solution?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology I
- List the levels of organization in sequence, from atom to organism
- Describe the primary function of each major organ system in the body
- Describe major body cavities and membranes
- Define homeostasis, including positive and negative feedback mechanisms
- Define directional terms (superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, central, peripheral) and apply them to body organization
- Describe anatomical planes (sagittal, midsagittal, transverse, frontal/coronal) and their function in dividing the body
The Chemical Level of Organization
- List the components of an atom (and their properties)
- Describe atomic number and mass number
- Define and give examples of isotopes
- Describe and explain the formation of ions
- Describe cations and anions with examples
- Explain the importance of valence electrons
- Contrast ionic, non-polar covalent, and polar covalent bonds, providing examples of each
- Explain the importance of hydrogen bonds
- Define catabolism and anabolism and classify reactions as one or the other
- Define kinetic, potential, and activation energy
- Define and describe a catalyst
- Explain the difference between inorganic and organic compounds
- List the properties of water
- Define acids, bases, and buffers and describe the pH scale (0-14)
- Describe the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
Organic and Inorganic Compounds
- Describe carbohydrates and provide examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
- List the properties of lipids, explain triglycerides, and contrast saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids
- Describe phospholipids
- Describe steroids and provide examples
- Describe the structure of an amino acid
- Describe a peptide bond and how polypeptides are formed
- Define primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary protein structure, and explain denaturation
- Outline factors that cause protein structure change
- Describe the structure of nucleotides and a molecule of DNA
- Contrast DNA and RNA at the molecular level
- Describe the function of DNA and RNA
- Describe the function of ATP
The Cellular Level of Organization
- Describe the function of various cell organelles (nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, centrioles, cytoskeleton, cilia, and flagella)
- Describe the composition of the plasma membrane
- Describe the functions of membrane proteins
- Contrast simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport
- Describe simple diffusion across the cell membrane
- Outline factors that influence the rate of diffusion
- List substances that can diffuse across the plasma membrane directly
- Define osmosis
- Define isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions and describe the effects on a red blood cell placed in each
- Define and describe endocytosis (phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis)
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in Anatomy & Physiology I, including the levels of organization from atoms to organisms and the major functions of organ systems. Additionally, it explores body cavities, homeostasis mechanisms, anatomical terminology, and chemical foundations such as atomic structure and bonding. Test your understanding of these essential biological principles.
