Introdução ao Direito da União Europeia - ISCAL 260
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Qual é a principal finalidade das normas jurídicas no contexto da divisão entre interesse público e privado?

  • Regulamentar exclusivamente relações comerciais entre empresas.
  • Assegurar bens públicos e o direito à propriedade privada.
  • Proteger interesses coletivos em detrimento de interesses individuais. (correct)
  • Estabelecer normas que servem a um propósito estritamente penal.
  • Quais ramos do Direito se caracterizam por regular as relações entre o Estado e os particulares?

  • Direito Administrativo e Direito Fiscal. (correct)
  • Direito Civil e Direito Penal.
  • Direito Internacional e Direito Ambiental.
  • Direito Empresarial e Direito Processual.
  • Qual é o principal critério para distinguir o Direito Público do Direito Privado?

  • A posição dos sujeitos envolvidos. (correct)
  • A origem das normas jurídicas.
  • O propósito das normas jurídicas.
  • A natureza dos direitos envolvidos.
  • Qual dos seguintes ramos não é considerado Direito Público?

    <p>Direito Privado</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Constituição da República Portuguesa é a base de qual ramo do Direito?

    <p>Direito Constitucional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    O que caracteriza o Direito Administrativo?

    <p>Normas que disciplinam a atividade da Administração Pública.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As normas de Direito Penal incluem quais das seguintes áreas?

    <p>Definição de crimes e suas sanções.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual é a instituição central do Direito das Coisas?

    <p>A propriedade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual das seguintes opções não é regulada pelo Direito da Família?

    <p>Sucessão de bens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    O que determina uma obrigação segundo o artigo 397º do Código Civil?

    <p>É um vínculo jurídico que impõe a realização de uma prestação</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual dos direitos a seguir é classificado como direito real de gozo?

    <p>Usufruto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    O que caracteriza os direitos reais de garantia?

    <p>Estabelecem vínculo entre o credor e um bem do devedor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual das opções a seguir melhor define a base do Direito das Sucessões?

    <p>A morte, que dá origem ao fenômeno sucessório.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qual é a função central do Direito Comercial?

    <p>Medir a produção de bens e seu consumo envolvendo lucro.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    De acordo com a tipologia de direitos reais, qual dos seguintes é considerado um direito real de aquisição?

    <p>Direito de preferência</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introdução ao Direito e à Ordem Jurídica da União Europeia - ISCAL 260

    • This course, ISCAL 260, covers the introduction to law and legal order of the European Union, taught by Professor Helena Telino.

    VI - Divisão do Direito

    • The study of law involves grouping legal norms for easier understanding and application.
    • Criteria for grouping legal norms include:
      • Purpose of the norms
      • Nature of the regulated legal relationships
    • This categorization helps define the scope of each branch of law.

    1. O agrupamento das normas jurídicas

    • Legal norms are systematically grouped to facilitate comprehension and application.
    • This organization considers different criteria, defining the areas of law.
    • Examples include purpose (a) and nature of relationships (b)

    1.0 Agrupamento das normas jurídicas – a) Finalidade das normas

    • This method considers the recipient or target of a law (its objective).
    • Two main categories are distinguished:
      • Public Interest: Laws concerning collective or state interests (e.g., Criminal Law, Constitutional Law, Administrative Law).
      • Private Interest: Laws concerning individual interests (e.g., Civil Law, Commercial Law).

    1.0 Agrupamento das normas jurídicas – b) Natureza das relações reguladas

    • Legal norms can be classified based on the nature of the relationships they regulate.
      • Relationships between individuals: These involve regulations concerning contracts, obligations, and property rights.
      • Relationships between the state and individuals: These regulations concern how the state exercises its authority (e.g., Administrative Law, Fiscal Law, Criminal Law).

    2. Ramos de Direito Público

    • Covers laws related to the organization and activity of the State and other public entities (e.g. public services, regional and local authorities).
    • Includes the relationships between public entities amongst themselves.
    • Also covers relationships between public entities and individuals, when the public entity holds authority (imperium).
      • Examples include: Constitutional Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Law, Financial Law, Fiscal Law, Civil Procedural Law, Public International Law

    2. Ramos de Direito Público – Direito Constitucional

    • This branch of law manages the State's organization and macro-organization of other public bodies.
    • Covers the organs of sovereignty and fundamental rights of citizens.
    • Principles are primarily outlined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic.
    • Legislation such as the Referendum Act and Electoral Act, amongst others, supplements the Constitution.

    2. Ramos de Direito Público – Direito Administrativo

    • This branch of law regulates the organization and activity of the Public Administration.
    • It encompasses activities of the Executive branch, excluding those that are legislative.
    • Acts of local and regional public authorities are also included in this scope.

    2. Ramos de Direito Público – Direito Penal

    • This branch establishes crimes and their legal frameworks.
    • Also includes contraventions influenced by criminal law.

    2. Ramos de Direito Público – Direito Financeiro

    • Covers regulations for collecting, managing, and using public funds.
    • This includes revenue from taxes, assets, and public loans.

    2. Ramos de Direito Público – Direito Fiscal

    • This branch of law manages public revenue collection (taxes and fees).
    • It determines tax liability, imposes taxes, and collects them.

    2. Ramos de Direito Público – Direito Processual (Civil, Penal, Trabalho, Administrativo e Fiscal)

    • Procedural law governs court activities and actions of parties involved in legal disputes.
    • This involves determining the necessary legal steps to realize substantive rights.

    2. Ramos de Direito Público – Direito Internacional Público

    • Governs relations between states and between States and other sovereign entities.
    • It encompasses customary international law and international treaties/conventions.

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado

    • Encompasses relationships where parties are on equal footing.
    • Two main categories are:
      • Relationships between private individuals.
      • Relationships between private individuals and public entities (when the public entity doesn't exercise authority – "imperium").
    • Examples include: Civil Law, Commercial Law, Labor Law, Family Law, Succession Law.

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado – Direito Civil

    • General or common branch of private law.
    • It covers a broad range of legal relationships concerning individuals.
    • It encompasses personal status, family matters, succession, abilities, and incapacities, assets (or property), and contract/transactions.
    • It is deemed a fundamental or general branch as it applies to many sectors of private law, acting as a general framework.
    • It is considered subsidiary; it applies to legal relationships where specific special branches of private law don't.

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado – Direito das Obrigações

    • This branch of law governs obligations arising from transactions of services and goods.
    • Contracts form the primary source of obligations.
    • Key principles: autonomy of will and freedom of contracting.

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado – Direito das Coisas (Direitos Reais)

    • This branch governs situations concerning property (things).
    • Property rights are immediately and directly applicable to the property.
    • Rights over things are also called "Real Rights."

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado –Tipos de Direitos Reais

    • Includes "rights of enjoyment" (use and benefit), "rights of guarantee" (security of credit), and "rights of acquisition" (obtaining real rights).

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado – Direito da Família

    • Governs family-related legal relationships, originating from marriage, lineage, and adoption.
    • Covers legal relationships between members of a family.

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado – Direito das Sucessões

    • This branch regulates the transmission of assets upon the death of an individual.

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado – Direito Comercial

    • Governs commercial activities (economic endeavors intending to generate profit).
    • This covers the production of goods and services, and transactions. The regulations governing this branch are seen as general regulations to commercial matters and not sector specific.

    3. Ramos de Direito Privado – Direito do Trabalho

    • This branch of law governs employment-related legal relationships.
    • Includes employment contracts, collective bargaining agreements, and workers' unions.

    4. Outros Ramos de Direito

    • Covers areas in law that aren't typically categorized as public or private rights.
    • Branches arise because society's needs and economic/technological developments necessitate new forms of regulations.
    • Examples are: Consumer Law, Environmental Law, Digital Law, Intellectual Property Law, Economic Law, Sports Law

    Time to think (and work) - Problems and Case Studies

    • Scenarios involving legal relationships categorized as Public or Private.
    • Examples include contracts, license applications, corporate formations.
    • These cases will require the student's understanding of each applicable area of law in those situations.

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    Description

    Este quiz aborda a introdução ao Direito e à Ordem Jurídica da União Europeia, com foco na categorização das normas jurídicas. O estudo abrange critérios como a finalidade das normas e a natureza das relações jurídicas reguladas. Prepare-se para testar seus conhecimentos sobre a organização das normas e suas aplicações legais.

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