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Questions and Answers
What theory suggests that international organizations serve as instruments to solve common problems such as wars or pandemics?
What theory suggests that international organizations serve as instruments to solve common problems such as wars or pandemics?
Functionalism argues that countries should organize individually rather than collectively.
Functionalism argues that countries should organize individually rather than collectively.
False
What is the primary focus of neofunctionalism in relation to international organizations?
What is the primary focus of neofunctionalism in relation to international organizations?
The deepening and broadening of cooperation due to spillover effects.
In realist theories, international organizations are viewed as extensions of __________ power.
In realist theories, international organizations are viewed as extensions of __________ power.
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Match the concepts with their definitions:
Match the concepts with their definitions:
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Which approach believes that the absolute gains of international cooperation are more significant than relative gains?
Which approach believes that the absolute gains of international cooperation are more significant than relative gains?
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Neofunctionalism rejects the principles of functionalism.
Neofunctionalism rejects the principles of functionalism.
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What motivates countries to create international organizations according to federalism?
What motivates countries to create international organizations according to federalism?
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Which theory emphasizes the importance of absolute gains in international cooperation?
Which theory emphasizes the importance of absolute gains in international cooperation?
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Functionalism argues that states should individually organize rather than collectivity.
Functionalism argues that states should individually organize rather than collectivity.
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What motivates countries to form international organizations according to the federalist perspective?
What motivates countries to form international organizations according to the federalist perspective?
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In neofunctionalism, the broadening of cooperation is shaped by the __________ of initial cooperations.
In neofunctionalism, the broadening of cooperation is shaped by the __________ of initial cooperations.
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Match the following concepts with their definitions:
Match the following concepts with their definitions:
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What does the functionalist theory believe regarding the organization of states?
What does the functionalist theory believe regarding the organization of states?
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According to realist theories, international organizations enhance the autonomy of states.
According to realist theories, international organizations enhance the autonomy of states.
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How do realist scholars perceive international organizations?
How do realist scholars perceive international organizations?
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Study Notes
International Organizations Establishment and Development
- The establishment and development of international organizations is a topic of study.
- The presentation comes from the Department of International Relations, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
- It is concerned with motives for establishing such organizations.
- Key theories examined include federalism, functionalism, and neofunctionalism.
Motivations
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Federalism (Heywood, 2011): Power is distributed between a central authority and member states.
- A forum is created for decision-making amongst member leaders.
- Member states transfer aspects of sovereignty to a central authority.
- International organizations (IOs) are instruments for resolving shared issues like war, pandemics, and resource scarcity.
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Functionalism (Heywood, 2011): The increasing need for collective governance is a core idea.
- Collective action is deemed superior to individual approaches.
- Whether or not to create an organization depends on interdependence.
- Organization structures reflect the specific functions they serve.
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Neofunctionalism (Heywood, 2011): Building on functionalism, this theory argues
- Governing functionality of IOs and complex interdependence are central principles.
- Initial cooperation creates spillover effects, leading to broadened cooperation scopes.
State Interests
- Absolute Gains (Heywood, 2011): Advantages or improvements for a state, regardless of other states' situations.
- Relative Gains (Heywood, 2011): Advantages or improvements for a state that are relative to other states' strengths.
Realist Theories
- Heywood, 2011: Focus on relative gains in international cooperation.
- Realist viewpoint: International organizations (IOs) are extensions of states' power.
- Powerful states utilize IOs to influence the international system.
Liberal Theory
- Heywood, 2011: Absolute gains from international cooperation are emphasized.
- Collective interests drive the formation of international organizations.
- Complex interdependence between states shapes the need for organizations/
- IOs help to mediate international disputes.
- Mutual interests drive agreements.
- Some organizations follow strict rules to maintain stability.
Critical Theories
- Examines the underlying assumptions of realist and liberal theories.
- Constructivism: The international order is shaped by the subjective inter-relationships among participating states.
- Feminist theories: The international system reflects masculine approaches.
- Green theories: The system's exploitation of the environment and human consumption are core criticisms.
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Description
This quiz explores the establishment and development of international organizations, focusing on key theories such as federalism, functionalism, and neofunctionalism. Drawn from the Department of International Relations at Universitas Gadjah Mada, it examines the motives behind creating these organizations and their roles in global governance.