International Organizations Establishment Overview
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Questions and Answers

What theory suggests that international organizations serve as instruments to solve common problems such as wars or pandemics?

  • Neofunctionalism
  • Federalism (correct)
  • Functionalism
  • Realist Theories

Functionalism argues that countries should organize individually rather than collectively.

False (B)

What is the primary focus of neofunctionalism in relation to international organizations?

The deepening and broadening of cooperation due to spillover effects.

In realist theories, international organizations are viewed as extensions of __________ power.

<p>state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts with their definitions:

<p>Relative Gains = Advantages or improvements of a state's power relative to other states. Absolute Gains = Any advantages gained by a state regardless of other states' powers. Functionalism = Collective governing functions based on interdependence. Hegemony = Use of influence by powerful states through international organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach believes that the absolute gains of international cooperation are more significant than relative gains?

<p>Liberal Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neofunctionalism rejects the principles of functionalism.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates countries to create international organizations according to federalism?

<p>To avoid anarchy and transfer parts of sovereignty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes the importance of absolute gains in international cooperation?

<p>Liberal Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functionalism argues that states should individually organize rather than collectivity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What motivates countries to form international organizations according to the federalist perspective?

<p>To avoid anarchy and transfer some parts of sovereignty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In neofunctionalism, the broadening of cooperation is shaped by the __________ of initial cooperations.

<p>spillover</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Relative Gains = Improvements of state’s power compared to other states Absolute Gains = Improvements gained by a state regardless of others Realist Theories = Views international organizations as extensions of states' powers Liberal Theory = Focuses on advantages without regard to others' powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the functionalist theory believe regarding the organization of states?

<p>Collective organization is essential due to interdependence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to realist theories, international organizations enhance the autonomy of states.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do realist scholars perceive international organizations?

<p>As extensions of states' powers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Federalism (IOs)

Power sharing between member states and a central authority. Countries give up some control to solve common problems, like war or pandemics.

Functionalism (IOs)

International cooperation grows as complexity increases. Organizations form around specific needs. The function dictates the organization.

Neofunctionalism (IOs)

Cooperation starts with specific goals but deepens over time, spreading to related areas. Think of cooperation spreading.

Relative Gains (IOs)

A state's improvement in power compared to others. Getting stronger, and others getting weaker.

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Absolute Gains (IOs)

A state's improvement in power regardless of others. Getting stronger, no matter what others do.

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Realist Theory (IOs)

International organizations are tools for powerful countries, seeking their own interests. Power is key.

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Liberal Theory (IOs)

International cooperation benefits everyone. Working together leads to mutual advantages.

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Hegemony (IOs)

Dominance of a powerful state in the international system. Influence through IOs.

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What motivates countries to establish IOs?

States create international organizations for various reasons, including to address shared problems, increase governance effectiveness, and advance their interests. Different theories like federalism, functionalism, and neofunctionalism provide explanations for these motivations.

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Relative Gains

A state's improvement in power compared to other states. The focus is on gaining an advantage over others in the international system.

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Absolute Gains

A state's improvement in power regardless of other states' gains. The focus is on improving the state’s position, without considering advantages or disadvantages for other states.

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Study Notes

International Organizations Establishment and Development

  • The establishment and development of international organizations is a topic of study.
  • The presentation comes from the Department of International Relations, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
  • It is concerned with motives for establishing such organizations.
  • Key theories examined include federalism, functionalism, and neofunctionalism.

Motivations

  • Federalism (Heywood, 2011): Power is distributed between a central authority and member states.

    • A forum is created for decision-making amongst member leaders.
    • Member states transfer aspects of sovereignty to a central authority.
    • International organizations (IOs) are instruments for resolving shared issues like war, pandemics, and resource scarcity.

  • Functionalism (Heywood, 2011): The increasing need for collective governance is a core idea.

    • Collective action is deemed superior to individual approaches.
    • Whether or not to create an organization depends on interdependence.
    • Organization structures reflect the specific functions they serve.

  • Neofunctionalism (Heywood, 2011): Building on functionalism, this theory argues

    • Governing functionality of IOs and complex interdependence are central principles.
    • Initial cooperation creates spillover effects, leading to broadened cooperation scopes.

State Interests

  • Absolute Gains (Heywood, 2011): Advantages or improvements for a state, regardless of other states' situations.
  • Relative Gains (Heywood, 2011): Advantages or improvements for a state that are relative to other states' strengths.

Realist Theories

  • Heywood, 2011: Focus on relative gains in international cooperation.
  • Realist viewpoint: International organizations (IOs) are extensions of states' power.
  • Powerful states utilize IOs to influence the international system.

Liberal Theory

  • Heywood, 2011: Absolute gains from international cooperation are emphasized.
  • Collective interests drive the formation of international organizations.
  • Complex interdependence between states shapes the need for organizations/
  • IOs help to mediate international disputes.
  • Mutual interests drive agreements.
  • Some organizations follow strict rules to maintain stability.

Critical Theories

  • Examines the underlying assumptions of realist and liberal theories.
  • Constructivism: The international order is shaped by the subjective inter-relationships among participating states.
  • Feminist theories: The international system reflects masculine approaches.
  • Green theories: The system's exploitation of the environment and human consumption are core criticisms.

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International Organization - Meeting 03 - Establishment & Development PDF

Description

This quiz explores the establishment and development of international organizations, focusing on key theories such as federalism, functionalism, and neofunctionalism. Drawn from the Department of International Relations at Universitas Gadjah Mada, it examines the motives behind creating these organizations and their roles in global governance.

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