Questions and Answers
What was the main reason for countries pushing for the formation of the United Nations after the collapse of the League of Nations?
To maintain international peace and security
Which aspect of global challenges is NOT addressed by the United Nations?
Technological challenges
In what year was the United Nations founded?
1945
Which Nobel Prize-winning economist criticized the IMF for their 'one-size-fits-all' approach?
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What is the primary objective of the United Nations Security Council?
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What is the main purpose of the United Nations according to the text?
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What is one way in which international organizations (IOs) can shape public understanding of important issues?
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What is one of the powers of international organizations mentioned in the text?
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How does the United Nations Security Council use its power to fix meanings?
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Which international organization is responsible for creating the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)?
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What does the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) help with?
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What role does the United Nations Security Council play in shaping public perception of terrorism?
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How can the power to fix meanings influence government policy according to the text?
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What do international organizations have the power to enforce?
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What is one way through which international organizations (IOs) can diffuse norms?
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Which scholars emphasized that international organizations can actively shape international norms?
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Why is the power of classification considered important according to the text?
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What distinguishes international organizations from being just passive tools of member states, as stated in the text?
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Study Notes
International Organizations (IOs)
- Can promote relevant norms like environmental protection and human rights
- Can become sealed-off communities that fail to challenge their beliefs
- Example: IMF's "one-size-fits-all" approach to developing countries, criticized by Joseph Stiglitz
The United Nations (UN)
- An intergovernmental organization aiming to achieve international cooperation
- Founded in 1945 by 51 countries to maintain international peace and security
- Has 193 member states addressing global, political, economic, social, and humanitarian challenges
Powers of International Organizations (IOs)
- Power of classification: creating and enforcing categories and labels to describe and understand the world
- Example: World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
- Example: United Nations' International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
- Power to fix meanings: establishing and enforcing definitions of key concepts and terms
- Example: United Nations Security Council's definition of terrorism
- Power to diffuse norms: promoting and disseminating norms to member states and stakeholders
- Can take on lives of their own, becoming influential as independent organizations
- Can shape public opinion, influence government policy, and allocate resources
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