International Business Ethics Lecture 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the prevailing idea about good and bad?

Morality

What does ethical absolutism believe in?

  • There is one conception of right and wrong that should hold for people at all times. (correct)
  • Ethics are not important in decision-making.
  • There are multiple conceptions of right and wrong.
  • Situational ethics should always be considered.

    • _______ analysis is a way of handling complexity in business ethics.

    Stakeholder

    Levinas believes that our understanding is a selfish totalization of our own experience.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following philosophers with their views:

    <p>John Stuart Mill = Quantity and quality of pleasures Immanuel Kant = Categorical imperative and intentions over consequences Derrida = Différance and dynamic moral concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of rewards often justified by?

    <p>Risks taken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the textbook of business ethics?

    <p>Examining the intersections between business and philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are continental philosophers skeptical of ethical absolutism?

    <p>Because it implies totalitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Freeman, what is the significance of stakeholders in mainstream business ethics?

    <p>They are a key concept and theoretical cornerstone for CSR development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of stakeholder analysis in business ethics?

    <p>To handle complexity and achieve performance goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the concept of 'crossings' in business ethics?

    <p>A willingness to take a critical stance and question assumptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of business ethics in relation to performance?

    <p>Handling complexity and addressing potential criticisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the corporate social responsibility standards?

    <p>To change corporate practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approach of Donna Woods in relation to CSR2?

    <p>Utilitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Corporate Responsibility Standards and Code of Conduct?

    <p>One is formed internally, the other externally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the UN initiative that calls on companies to align their operations with universal principles?

    <p>UN Global Compact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the 'Strategic' attitude towards CSR?

    <p>Integrating the issue into business strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the criticism of CSR by Frederick?

    <p>CSR is optical and controversial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between transformational leadership and transactional leadership?

    <p>One is based on rewards or punishment, while the other transforms people's lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the 'Hitler Problem', what can be concluded about Hitler?

    <p>He was not a transformational leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of whistleblowing in open organizations?

    <p>It is not accepted and is often discouraged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind Bauman's view on moral practice?

    <p>Moral practice can only have impractical foundations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction between empirical and sublime bodies in Zizek's approach?

    <p>Empirical bodies are physical, while sublime bodies are made of immaterial stuff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind John Caputo's view on obligations?

    <p>Obligations never require consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of merit arguments?

    <p>Rewarding someone for doing something special</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the thought experiment proposed by John Rawls?

    <p>To identify fairness by forgetting our identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of organizational justice, according to the lecture?

    <p>Justice for the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of distributive justice, according to the lecture?

    <p>The contribution of wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of procedural justice, according to the lecture?

    <p>Fairness in processes and procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of interactional justice, according to the lecture?

    <p>The treatment of others in interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Levinas, what is the primary focus of ethics?

    <p>The other person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is organizational justice important, according to the lecture?

    <p>It affects the motivation of people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of standards in business?

    <p>They provide orientation and create a level playing field for companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of standards in business?

    <p>They promote blue washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a guideline for MNCs proposed by Richard De George?

    <p>Not provided in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the forms of globalization?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who agrees with Nancy's view on globalization?

    <p>Sloterdijk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of hypernorms related to?

    <p>Donaldson and Dunfee's principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criticism of standards related to human rights?

    <p>They allow companies to violate human rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of standards in terms of stakeholders?

    <p>They allow stakeholders to have an impact on company policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ethics

    • Morality refers to prevailing ideas about good and bad
    • Business ethics involves critical thinking and taking a stance on business problems
    • Ethical absolutism believes in one conception of right and wrong for all people at all times
    • Continental philosophers are skeptical of absolutist claims due to totalitarian implications

    Stakeholder Theory

    • Stakeholders are key concepts in mainstream business ethics and CSR development
    • Freeman's stakeholder analysis is a way of handling complexity in business ethics
    • Stakeholder theory is about what society expects of businesses
    • It has a moral perspective (reasonable pluralism) and is politically relevant
    • Philanthro-capitalism can be undemocratic or anti-democratic
    • Hyperagents are individuals who can do what it would take a social movement to do
    • Stakeholder analysis has theoretical flaws, emphasizing powerful stakeholders and being firm-centric

    Moral Decision Making

    • Consequentialism is a moral philosophy that suggests decisions should be made based on their consequences
    • Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism that seeks to maximize overall happiness or well-being
    • Immanuel Kant's categorical imperative emphasizes intentions and universality over consequences
    • Kohlberg's moral development theory proposes three stages of morality: reward and punishment, external ethics, and personal ethics
    • Bounded rationality suggests that humans cannot make fully rational decisions due to limited information
    • Derrida's différance concept suggests that moral concepts are dynamic and lack fixed meaning

    Reward, Incentive, and Compensation

    • Rewards are often justified when associated with risks taken
    • Merit arguments suggest that rewards should be based on effort and achievement
    • John Rawls' veil of ignorance thought experiment proposes that fairness is achieved by forgetting one's identity
    • Communitarianism, in contrast, grounds morality in social context
    • In organizational justice, fairness is a subjective perspective and is descriptive rather than normative

    Organizational Justice

    • Organizational justice focuses on justice for the self
    • Aristotle, Thrasymachus, and Bernard Mandeville have contributed to the concept of organizational justice
    • John Rawls' theory of justice as fairness is influential in this area
    • Three dimensions of organizational justice are distributive, procedural, and interactional
    • Levinas' ethics emphasize the importance of the Other and puts them first

    Leadership

    • Leadership is often embellished and made to seem more beautiful than it is
    • Great Man Theory proposes that great leaders are born, while Behavioral Leadership suggests they are made
    • Transformational leadership transforms people's lives, while transactional leadership is based on reward or punishment
    • Good leadership is ethical and effective, according to Joanne B. Ciulla
    • The Hitler Problem challenges the idea that all transformational leaders are moral
    • Zizek's approach to leadership emphasizes the importance of the sublime body

    Whistleblowing

    • Whistleblowers are individuals who report unethical behavior to prevent harm
    • Internal and external whistleblowing differ in their approaches to reporting
    • The nature of an organization affects the acceptability of whistleblowing
    • John Caputo believes that obligations do not require consent, while Bauman suggests that moral practice should always set unachievable standards

    Corporate Social Responsibility

    • CSR is a controversial and optical concept
    • Attitudes towards CSR range from defensive to civil, with implications for business strategy
    • From CSR to Corporate Social Responsiveness, emphasizing responsiveness over responsibility
    • Critics of CSR argue that it is superficial or used for reputation management
    • The corporate social performance approach integrates social issues into business strategies
    • Archie Carroll's pyramid of social responsibility proposes four levels of responsibility

    Corporate Social Responsibility Standards

    • Principle-based standards, reporting-based standards, and certification-based standards are three types of CSR standards
    • UN global compact is a set of universal principles for corporations to follow
    • Advantages of standards include providing orientation and creating a level playing field, while criticisms argue that they are bureautic or allow for blue washing

    Sustainability

    • Sustainability is a complex and multifaceted concept
    • It involves environmental, social, and economic dimensions
    • Corporations have a role to play in promoting sustainability

    Globalization

    • Guidelines for MNCs by Richard De George propose a set of principles for corporate behavior
    • Hyperglobalization and skepticism are two approaches to understanding globalization
    • Globalization can be economic, political, or cultural in nature
    • Nancy and Sloterdijk propose conflicting views on globalization and cultural identity
    • Hypernorms, as proposed by Donaldson and Dunfee, are universal moral principles that apply across cultures

    Ethics and Morality

    • Morality refers to the prevailing ideas about good and bad.
    • Ethical absolutism is the belief that there is one conception of right and wrong that should hold for people at all times.

    Business and Ethics

    • Business ethics involves crossings between business and ethics, business and philosophy, and business ethics and continental philosophy.
    • It requires a willingness to take a critical stance, questioning unquestioned positions, and developing one's own perspective on business problems.

    Stakeholder Theory

    • Stakeholders are a key concept in mainstream business ethics and a theoretical cornerstone for the development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).
    • Stakeholder analysis is a way of handling complexity in business ethics.

    Veil of Ignorance

    • The veil of ignorance is a thought experiment by John Rawls to identify fairness.
    • It involves forgetting one's identity to make impartial decisions.

    Communitarianism

    • Communitarianism is the opposite of the veil of ignorance, emphasizing that our ideas of right and wrong are grounded in the social context.
    • It argues that our identity and social context influence our moral judgments.

    Organizational Justice

    • Organizational justice focuses on justice for the self, with fairness being a subjective perspective.
    • It is descriptive, examining how people perceive fairness in their interactions with others.
    • There are three dimensions of organizational justice: distributive, procedural, and interactional.

    Philosophical Theories

    • Aristotle's views on justice emphasize the importance of fairness and equality.
    • Thrasymachus believed that justice is the interest of the strong.
    • Bernard Mandeville thought that private vices lead to public benefits.
    • John Rawls' theory of justice emphasizes fairness and equality.

    Leadership

    • Leadership involves a willingness to make tough decisions and take responsibility.
    • There are different approaches to leadership, including the Great Man Theory, behavioral leadership, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership.
    • Joanne B. Ciullia believes that good leadership is both ethical and effective.

    Whistleblowing

    • Whistleblowing involves reporting unethical behavior or wrongdoing within an organization.
    • There are two types of whistleblowing: internal (reporting within the organization) and external (reporting outside the organization).
    • Whistleblowing can be challenging, especially in organizations with rigid bureaucracies and lack of open communication.

    Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

    • CSR is a controversial and complex topic, with different attitudes towards it, ranging from defensive to civil.
    • There are different approaches to CSR, including defensive, compliant, managerial, strategic, and civil.
    • Archie Carroll's pyramid of social responsibility emphasizes the importance of economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities.

    Corporate Social Performance (CSP)

    • CSP involves measuring and evaluating an organization's social performance.
    • Donna Woods' approach to CSP emphasizes the importance of making CSR measurable and determining identity.

    Corporate Social Responsibility Standards

    • There are different types of CSR standards, including principle-based, reporting-based, and certification-based standards.
    • The UN Global Compact is a voluntary initiative that encourages companies to align their operations with ten universal principles in four areas: human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption.

    Sustainability

    • Sustainability involves balancing economic, social, and environmental responsibilities.
    • There are different approaches to sustainability, including the triple bottom line and stakeholder theory.

    Globalization

    • Globalization involves the increasing interconnectedness of economies and societies worldwide.
    • There are different forms of globalization, including hyperglobalization and skepticism.
    • Guidelines for multinational corporations (MNCs) include respecting human rights, adhering to international labor standards, and adopting environmentally sustainable practices.

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    Explore the introduction to business ethics, morality, and the intersection of business and philosophy. Learn about critical thinking and ethics in the context of business.

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