lab 8 - immune system

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Questions and Answers

What type of immunity is present from birth and is not specific to any pathogen?

Natural Immunity

Innate Immunity (correct)

Adaptive Immunity

Passive Immunity

Antibodies can recognize and bind to multiple types of antigens.

False

Name one function of the integument.

Protection

The outermost layer of the epidermis is called the ______.

Stratum Corneum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about live attenuated vaccines?

They expose an individual to a reduced ability to cause disease. Signup and view all the answers

Phagocytes are a primary component of ______ immunity.

innate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following immune components with their descriptions:

Antigen = A foreign particle that evokes an immune response Antibody = A protein that recognizes and binds to an antigen Primary Immune Response = First exposure to an antigen Secondary Immune Response = Faster response due to memory cells Signup and view all the answers

What role do sebaceous glands play in skin health?

They secrete sebum to prevent desiccation of hair follicles. Signup and view all the answers

How do antimicrobial substances contribute to innate immunity?

Antimicrobial substances neutralize or eliminate pathogens, helping protect the body from infections. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the primary and secondary immune responses?

The primary immune response is slower and occurs after the first exposure to an antigen, while the secondary response is faster and more robust due to memory cells. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of the stratum corneum in skin protection.

The stratum corneum acts as a barrier, providing protection against mechanical stress and preventing water loss. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how vaccinations prepare the immune system for future infections.

Vaccinations expose the immune system to an antigen, prompting the creation of memory cells that enable a faster response to subsequent exposures. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary components of the dermis and their functions?

The dermis is composed of dense irregular connective tissue, providing strength, elasticity, and housing blood vessels and nerves. Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of sebaceous glands support skin health?

Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, which moisturizes the skin and hair, helping to maintain a hydrophobic barrier against pathogens. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates live attenuated vaccines from other types?

Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened pathogens that do not cause disease but still elicit an immune response. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do phagocytes contribute to the immune system?

Phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens, serving as a key component of the body's innate immune defense. Signup and view all the answers

The ______ system is responsible for warding off pathogens.

immune Signup and view all the answers

The outer layer of skin is known as the ______.

epidermis Signup and view all the answers

Antigens are foreign particles that evoke an ______ immune response.

adaptive Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is responsible for thermoregulation, protection, and sensation.

integument Signup and view all the answers

Antibodies produced during the immune response are specific to ______.

antigens Signup and view all the answers

The ______ response is faster and stronger due to the presence of memory cells.

secondary immune Signup and view all the answers

Sebaceous glands secrete ______ which prevents desiccation of hair follicles.

sebum Signup and view all the answers

Live attenuated vaccines contain antigens whose ability to cause a ______ state is reduced.

disease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Integumentary System

Pathogens: Disease-producing microbes
Immune System: Responsible for defending against pathogens and non-pathogenic substances
Innate Immunity: Non-specific defenses present from birth, targeting all pathogens. Includes antimicrobial substances, phagocytes, inflammation, fever, and external barriers (integument and mucous membranes).
Integument: Physical barrier providing protection, thermoregulation, excretion, and sensation. Consists of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
Epidermis: Outermost layer, stratified squamous epithelium.
- Keratinocytes: Produce keratin, strengthening the epidermis.
- Stratum Corneum: Outermost, heavily keratinized layer.
- Stratum Lucidum: Thick skin layer
- Stratum Granulosum: Contains keratin synthesis products and a lipid base substance to maintain electrolyte and fluid balance
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale: Cuboidal stem cells anchored to the basement membrane.
Dermis: Dense irregular connective tissue layer below the epidermis.
- Hair Follicles: Infoldings of epidermis, creating hair shafts.
- Sebaceous Glands: Associated with hair follicles, secreting sebum (oil) to prevent hair follicle drying.
- Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands: Produce sweat composed mainly of water and antimicrobial agents.
Adaptive Immunity: Targeting specific pathogens. Recognizes the specific antigen and mounts a response.
- Antigen: Foreign particle triggering an adaptive immune response.
- Antibodies: Proteins recognizing and binding to antigens.
- Primary Immune Response: Initial response to an antigen
- Secondary Immune Response: Faster and greater response upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen. Due to memory cells.
- Vaccines/Immunizations: Exposing individuals to antigens to generate memory cells (primary response).
  - Live, attenuated vaccines: Antigens with reduced disease-causing ability.
  - Inactivated vaccines: Killed pathogens.
  - Subunit vaccines: Contain only parts of the antigen.
  - mRNA vaccines: mRNA from the pathogen to produce a protein to elicit an immune response.

Microscopic Images (Integument)

Microscopic images show layers of the epidermis and dermis.
Specific structures like the stratum basale, stratum corneum, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles are visible.

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Description

Explore the essential components of the integumentary and immune systems in this quiz. Learn about the roles of different skin layers, the innate immune response, and how they work together to protect the body against pathogens. This quiz is ideal for students studying human biology or health sciences.