lab 8 - immune system

Non-specific defenses present from birth that work against any pathogen.

Specific immune response targeting particular pathogens the body has encountered before

Foreign substance triggering an adaptive immune response.

Protein produced to recognize and bind to a specific antigen.

Immune response the first time you encounter an antigen; slow.

Faster and stronger immune response to a previously encountered antigen due to memory cells.

External body covering; skin, hair, and nails; protects from pathogens.

Cells that produce keratin, making the epidermis resilient to stress.

The immune system is responsible for defending the body against both pathogens (disease-causing microbes) and non-pathogenic substances, ensuring our health and survival.

It responds to any type of threat without needing prior exposure, acting as a first line of defense. It's like a general-purpose weapon.

These include antimicrobial substances, phagocytes (cells that engulf invaders), inflammation, fever, and physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.

This is a more specific and targeted defense mechanism that recognizes and remembers specific pathogens after initial exposure. It's like a highly trained soldier.

These are foreign particles that trigger an adaptive immune response, basically telling the body to produce a specific defense.

These are proteins produced by immune cells that specifically target and bind to antigens, helping neutralize the threat. They're like personalized weapons.

This is the initial encounter with an antigen, triggering a slow and gradual response. It's the first time the body faces a specific enemy.

This is the response to a previously encountered antigen, much faster and more robust due to memory cells. It's like a seasoned soldier.

The outermost layer of the epidermis, heavily keratinized, providing a tough, resilient barrier against the environment.

Glands associated with hair follicles that secrete sebum, an oily substance preventing hair follicle dryness.

Sweat glands composed of epithelial cells that produce sweat, mainly water with antimicrobial agents.

Innate immunity is non-specific, present from birth, and works against all pathogens. Adaptive immunity is specific, develops after exposure to a particular pathogen, and remembers the threat.

The Integument is comprised of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer, the dermis is the thick middle layer, and the hypodermis is the fatty layer beneath.

Vaccinations expose you to weakened or inactive antigens, triggering a primary immune response and generating memory cells, preparing your body for future encounters with the real pathogen.