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Questions and Answers
What is another name for the system that is composed of the skin and its accessory structures?
What is another name for the system that is composed of the skin and its accessory structures?
Integumentary
List the functions of the skin.
List the functions of the skin.
- Protect from injuries
- Acts as a barrier and regulates what enters/leaves the body
- Regulates body temperature
- Synthesizes, stores vitamins
- Sensory functions
What type of tissue primarily composes the epidermis?
What type of tissue primarily composes the epidermis?
Epithelial
What type of tissue is primarily found in the dermis?
What type of tissue is primarily found in the dermis?
From the innermost layer to the outermost layer, list the layers of the epidermal tissue.
From the innermost layer to the outermost layer, list the layers of the epidermal tissue.
Where on the body is the skin composed of 5 layers of epidermal tissue?
Where on the body is the skin composed of 5 layers of epidermal tissue?
What is a Langerhan cell, and what is its function? Which layer of the skin are they found?
What is a Langerhan cell, and what is its function? Which layer of the skin are they found?
What are melanocytes? Where are they found? Explain why we have variation in skin color among people.
What are melanocytes? Where are they found? Explain why we have variation in skin color among people.
Explain how UV exposure affects melanin production.
Explain how UV exposure affects melanin production.
Explain why it is important to be exposed to the sun. Why is it dangerous?
Explain why it is important to be exposed to the sun. Why is it dangerous?
What type of cell produces collagen and elastin fibers? What is the role of collagen and elastin in the dermis?
What type of cell produces collagen and elastin fibers? What is the role of collagen and elastin in the dermis?
Explain the importance of the papillary layer.
Explain the importance of the papillary layer.
What are the accessory structures found in the dermis?
What are the accessory structures found in the dermis?
How are hair follicles similar to the epidermis?
How are hair follicles similar to the epidermis?
Where does mitosis take place in hair?
Where does mitosis take place in hair?
What are the functions of hair in humans?
What are the functions of hair in humans?
Where does mitosis take place on the nail? Explain how the hard 'nail' is formed.
Where does mitosis take place on the nail? Explain how the hard 'nail' is formed.
What are the different types of receptors found in the dermis? Which are encapsulated or free?
What are the different types of receptors found in the dermis? Which are encapsulated or free?
Explain how the receptors 'communicate' what they are sensing.
Explain how the receptors 'communicate' what they are sensing.
What type of tissue makes up glands?
What type of tissue makes up glands?
What's the substance sebaceous glands secrete?
What's the substance sebaceous glands secrete?
Where are sebaceous glands located?
Where are sebaceous glands located?
What's the function of sebaceous glands?
What's the function of sebaceous glands?
What's the substance ceruminous glands secrete?
What's the substance ceruminous glands secrete?
Where are ceruminous glands located?
Where are ceruminous glands located?
What's the function of ceruminous glands?
What's the function of ceruminous glands?
What's the substance apocrine glands secrete?
What's the substance apocrine glands secrete?
Where are apocrine glands located?
Where are apocrine glands located?
What's the function of apocrine glands?
What's the function of apocrine glands?
What's the substance eccrine glands secrete?
What's the substance eccrine glands secrete?
Where are eccrine glands located?
Where are eccrine glands located?
What's the function of eccrine glands?
What's the function of eccrine glands?
Explain the importance of vasoconstriction and vasodilation in terms of maintaining a normal body temperature.
Explain the importance of vasoconstriction and vasodilation in terms of maintaining a normal body temperature.
What is the subcutaneous tissue composed of? What is its function?
What is the subcutaneous tissue composed of? What is its function?
Explain how people's skin ages.
Explain how people's skin ages.
Flashcards
Integumentary System
Integumentary System
The skin and its accessory structures, like hair and glands.
Skin Protection
Skin Protection
The skin guards against injuries and germs.
Skin Temperature Regulation
Skin Temperature Regulation
The skin helps balance your body temperature.
Skin Vitamin Production
Skin Vitamin Production
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Epidermis
Epidermis
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Dermis
Dermis
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Stratum Basale
Stratum Basale
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Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Spinosum
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Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Granulosum
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Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Lucidum
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Stratum Corneum
Stratum Corneum
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Langerhans Cells
Langerhans Cells
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Melanocytes
Melanocytes
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Melanin
Melanin
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UV Exposure and Skin Cancer
UV Exposure and Skin Cancer
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Fibroblasts
Fibroblasts
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Collagen
Collagen
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Elastin
Elastin
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Hair Follicles
Hair Follicles
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Sebaceous Glands
Sebaceous Glands
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Nails
Nails
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Sensory Receptors
Sensory Receptors
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Ceruminous Glands
Ceruminous Glands
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Apocrine Glands
Apocrine Glands
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Eccrine Glands
Eccrine Glands
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Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation
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Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction
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Vasodilation
Vasodilation
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- Also known as the integumentary system, it includes the skin and its accessory structures, such as hair and glands.
Functions of the Skin
- Protects against injuries and pathogens.
- Acts as a barrier to regulate substance exchange.
- Maintains body temperature through various mechanisms.
- Synthesizes and stores vitamins.
- Provides sensory functions, detecting various stimuli.
Skin Structure
- The epidermis is primarily composed of epithelial tissue.
- The dermis consists mainly of fibrous connective tissue.
Epidermis Layers
- Stratum Basal: Deepest layer with a single row of cells attached to dermis.
- Stratum Spinosum: Spiny layer, mitosis occurs less frequently here.
- Stratum Granulosum: Thin layer with 2-3 layers of flattened cells.
- Stratum Lucidum: Clear, thin translucent band above granulosum.
- Stratum Corneum: Outermost layer, 20-30 cells thick, providing protection.
Specialized Epidermal Features
- Skin on palms and soles has five layers of epidermal tissue.
- Langerhans cells (in stratum spinosum) combat pathogens and support immune response.
- Melanocytes, located in the epidermis, produce melanin, influencing skin color variation due to differing activity levels.
UV Exposure and Skin Health
- UV exposure increases melanin production, leading to tanning.
- Adequate sunlight is essential for vitamin D synthesis; excessive exposure can increase cancer risk.
Dermis Composition
- Fibroblasts in the dermis produce collagen and elastin, providing strength and elasticity.
- The papillary layer contains a thin arrangement of collagen fibers, crucial for skin structure.
Accessory Structures in Dermis
- The dermis houses hair, glands, nails, and sensory receptors.
- Hair follicles are made up of dead keratinized cells, similar to the epidermis.
- Mitosis occurs at the root of hair for growth.
Functions and Structures of Hair
- Eyelash and eyebrow hairs keep debris out of the eyes.
- Nasal cavity hairs filter out dust.
- Scalp hair provides insulation from cold.
Nails
- Mitosis occurs at the nail root, forming the hard nail through the nail bed made of live tissue.
Sensory Receptors in Dermis
- Free receptors: detect heat, cold, and pain.
- Encapsulated receptors: respond to touch and pressure.
- Receptors communicate sensory information to the central nervous system, aiding in skin protection and moisture maintenance.
Glands in Integumentary System
- Glands are composed of epithelial tissue and include:
- Sebaceous glands: secrete sebum (oil), preventing skin cracks, located in hair follicles.
- Ceruminous glands: produce cerumen (ear wax), found in dermis of ear canals, keeping the eardrum pliable.
- Apocrine glands: secrete sweat, located in axillary and genital areas, often activated by stress.
- Eccrine glands: produce sweat, located on the forehead, upper lip, palms, and soles, maintaining body temperature.
Thermoregulation
- Vasoconstriction helps trap body heat in cold conditions.
- Vasodilation allows heat to escape in hot conditions, aiding temperature regulation.
Subcutaneous Tissue
- Composed of areolar and adipose tissue, it provides cushioning and facilitates movement.
Skin Aging
- Aging skin results in loss of collagen and elastin, leading to decreased elasticity and strength.
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