Integrated Science 2: Viruses Life Debate
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following characteristics are NOT associated with living things?

  • Reproduction
  • Made up of cells
  • Adaptation to environment
  • Acellular structure (correct)

    • What is the primary function of the capsid in a virus?

  • To facilitate movement
  • To protect the genetic material (correct)
  • To replicate genetic material
  • To maintain homeostasis

    • Viruses are classified based on their composition. What is the distinction between naked and enveloped viruses?

  • Naked viruses are only found in bacteria, enveloped viruses affect animals
  • Naked viruses contain both DNA and RNA, enveloped viruses have one type
  • Naked viruses have a lipid layer, enveloped viruses do not
  • Naked viruses consist of genetic material and a capsid only, while enveloped viruses have an additional lipid layer (correct)

    • What characteristic enables viruses to reproduce?

    <p>They can replicate only in a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses reproduce if they do not have organelles?

    <p>By using the host's ribosomes to replicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of a virus may provide an additional layer for protection and stability?

    <p>Lipid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly reflects the debate around viruses being classified as living or nonliving?

    <p>Viruses lack the ability to reproduce without a host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do viruses compare to living organisms in terms of structure?

    <p>Viruses are noncellular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic unique to viruses compared to living organisms?

    <p>Reproduction through host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason COVID-19 is considered a pandemic?

    <p>It is caused by a virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about bacteriophages is true?

    <p>They destroy bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape is the SARS-CoV-2 virus described as in the content?

    <p>Circular-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main component do all viruses contain within their structure?

    <p>Capsid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with viruses?

    <p>Self-sustaining metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which the COVID-19 virus spreads?

    <p>Airborne transmission from person to person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes viruses from other living organisms?

    <p>Lack of cellular structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages?

    <p>The lytic cycle involves the destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which cycle does the host cell weaken and eventually burst?

    <p>Lytic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the genetic material of the virus in the lysogenic cycle as the host cell divides?

    <p>It is replicated along with the host's genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a lytic cycle of viral infection?

    <p>The virus kills the host cell upon virion release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about virions released from an infected host cell?

    <p>They are fully formed when released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do bacteriophages depend on to reproduce?

    <p>Host cells that they infect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are lysogenic infections classified as non-virulent?

    <p>They do not result in the immediate death of the host cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct regarding the development of viruses?

    <p>Viruses do not grow or develop once they have formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do viruses require energy through metabolism?

    <p>No, they depend entirely on the host cell for energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can viruses adapt to their environment?

    <p>Yes, they can mutate to survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do viruses maintain homeostasis?

    <p>No, they cannot control their internal environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can viruses move by themselves?

    <p>No, they require a host cell to move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are viruses composed of cells?

    <p>No, they are acellular entities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can viruses replicate on their own?

    <p>No, they require a host cell for replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do viruses grow and develop?

    <p>No, they do not grow like living organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of HIV regarding treatment?

    <p>It rapidly mutates, making it hard to treat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are required to create a model of the HIV virus?

    <p>Scissors, tape, and markers/pencils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which question is NOT suggested to consider when modeling the virus?

    <p>How does the virus spread?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the structure of viruses that students are likely to learn from the activity?

    <p>Viruses consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what category would the HIV virus be classified?

    <p>Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do adhesive tape and scissors serve in creating a virus model?

    <p>Scissors are used to cut materials and tape is used to assemble parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic material does HIV contain?

    <p>Single-stranded RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should students be guided in developing their understanding of virus structure?

    <p>By hands-on modeling and visual representation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a part of a typical virus model that students might create?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Viruses

    • Viruses raise the question of whether they are living or nonliving entities due to their unique characteristics.
    • SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, illustrates the pandemic impact of viruses.

    Characteristics of Living Organisms

    • Living organisms share key traits that can be compared with viruses:
      • Composed of cells.
      • Able to reproduce.
      • Capable of growth and development.
      • Require energy through metabolism.
      • Adapt to the environment through evolution.
      • Can move.
      • Maintain homeostasis.

    Structure of Viruses

    • Viruses are acellular, meaning they lack cells.
    • A complete virus particle, called a virion, consists of:
      • Capsid: a protein shell that protects genetic material (DNA or RNA).
      • Nucleic Acid: the genetic material which can be either DNA or RNA, but not both.
      • Some viruses, like certain strains of SARS-CoV-2, have an envelope made of lipid bilayer.
    • Two categories of viruses based on structure:
      • Naked (nonenveloped): consist only of genetic material and capsid.
      • Enveloped: contain genetic material, capsid, and a lipid layer.

    Reproduction of Viruses

    • Viruses cannot replicate independently and require a host cell to reproduce.
    • Types of viral replication include:
      • Lytic Cycle: the virus injects its genetic material into a host cell, eventually causing the cell to burst and release new virions.
      • Lysogenic Cycle: the virus integrates its genetic material into the host’s genome, remaining dormant until conditions allow activation and subsequent cell lysis.

    Virus Life Processes

    • Viruses do not grow or develop like living organisms; they do not increase in size or complexity after entering a host.
    • While they depend on host energy for replication, viruses lack metabolic processes of their own.
    • Viruses can adapt to host conditions, exemplified by HIV’s ability to mutate and evade treatments.

    Homeostasis and Movement

    • Viruses cannot maintain homeostasis; they lack mechanisms to control their internal environment.
    • Viruses rely on host mobility for transmission and infection, thus limiting their movement capabilities.

    Summary of Virus Characteristics

    • Viruses do not possess the characteristics of living organisms such as cellular structure, self-replication, independent growth, metabolic energy use, homeostasis, or movement.
    • Understanding their structure and reproduction mechanisms is crucial in addressing viral infections and pandemics.

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    Related Documents

    Integrated Science 2 Past Paper (Philippines) PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the characteristics of viruses and the ongoing debate about whether they are living or nonliving entities. It is designed to test your understanding of the concepts presented in the lesson 'What is Life?' within Integrated Science 2. Engage with thought-provoking questions that challenge your perspective on viruses.

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