Lecture 9: ILCs and NK Cells

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) and Natural Killer (NK) Cells?

  • ILCs secrete cytokines to kill target cells, while NK cells directly kill cells.
  • NK cells have PRRs, unlike ILCs which rely on cytokines for activation.
  • NK cells are tissue-resident, while ILCs can circulate in lymphatic vessels and blood.
  • ILCs are antigen-specific, while NK cells are not. (correct)

What is the role of cytokines in the activation of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs)?

  • Cytokines activate ILCs by binding to their PRRs.
  • Cytokines activate ILCs by being secreted from other cells like DCs. (correct)
  • Cytokines directly kill pathogens.
  • Cytokines prevent the expression of inhibitory receptors.

Which statement about Natural Killer (NK) cells is FALSE?

  • NK cells can recognize MHC class I molecules or MHC class I-like molecules.
  • NK cells can express both activating and inhibitory receptors.
  • NK cells rely solely on PRRs for activation, unlike other lymphoid cells. (correct)
  • NK cells can directly kill target cells via granules inducing apoptosis.

What is the significance of inhibitory receptors on Natural Killer (NK) cells?

<p>Inhibitory receptors prevent the activation of NK cells against healthy cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells express Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) according to the text?

<p>All types of myeloid white blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) contribute to defense against specific pathogens?

<p>By secreting cytokines after activation by other immune cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do Natural Killer (NK) cells require both activating and inhibitory signals for cell killing?

<p>To avoid unnecessary activation against healthy cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the presence of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) in lymphoid cells according to the text?

<p><strong><code>ILC 1, 2, 3 normally don’t have PRRs</code></strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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