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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of an immature dendritic cell?
What is the primary function of an immature dendritic cell?
What triggers the maturation of an immature dendritic cell?
What triggers the maturation of an immature dendritic cell?
Which of the following is a key function of a mature dendritic cell?
Which of the following is a key function of a mature dendritic cell?
What is the significance of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine related to dendritic cells?
What is the significance of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine related to dendritic cells?
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How do immature dendritic cells acquire antigens for presentation?
How do immature dendritic cells acquire antigens for presentation?
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What is the primary role of dendritic cells in the initiation of the adaptive immune response?
What is the primary role of dendritic cells in the initiation of the adaptive immune response?
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What is the primary function of the supramolecular activation complex (SMAC) in the formation of the immune synapse?
What is the primary function of the supramolecular activation complex (SMAC) in the formation of the immune synapse?
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According to the 3-signal hypothesis, which of the following is the second signal required for T cell activation?
According to the 3-signal hypothesis, which of the following is the second signal required for T cell activation?
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What is the primary function of the MHC-ICAM-1 interaction in the formation of the immune synapse?
What is the primary function of the MHC-ICAM-1 interaction in the formation of the immune synapse?
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What is the primary outcome of the 3-signal hypothesis for T cell activation?
What is the primary outcome of the 3-signal hypothesis for T cell activation?
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What is the primary role of the immune synapse in T cell activation?
What is the primary role of the immune synapse in T cell activation?
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What is the main concept that Janeway Jr. conceptualized?
What is the main concept that Janeway Jr. conceptualized?
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Which signals induce the maturation of an Immature Dendritic Cell?
Which signals induce the maturation of an Immature Dendritic Cell?
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What is the main function of a Mature Dendritic Cell?
What is the main function of a Mature Dendritic Cell?
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Which process is involved in the activation of a naive CD4+ T cell?
Which process is involved in the activation of a naive CD4+ T cell?
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What do Danger Signals (DAMPs) initiate?
What do Danger Signals (DAMPs) initiate?
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What is the role of PAMPS and PRRs in the immune system?
What is the role of PAMPS and PRRs in the immune system?
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Study Notes
T Cell Mediated Immunity
- T cell mediated immunity involves activating a T cell response to the right thing, but not the wrong thing, and generating the right kind of T effector cell for the job.
Immature Dendritic Cells
- Immature dendritic cells are tissue resident or resident in secondary lymphatic tissues, specialized for antigen uptake.
- They use receptor-mediated phagocytosis and macropinocytosis to take up antigens.
- Immature dendritic cells can be induced to mature through innate recognition of pathogens.
Formation of the Immune Synapse
- The immune synapse is a supramolecular activation complex (SMAC) that maintains long-term contacts between T cells and cells they are interacting with, such as APCs or targets as effectors.
- The immune synapse is important for signal integration.
3-Signal Hypothesis
- The 3-signal hypothesis proposes that T cell activation requires three signals:
- Signal 1: TCR – antigen-specific activation signal
- Signal 2: Co-stimulatory signal (CD28 ó B7 (CD80/86))
- Signal 3: IL-2 induction – proliferation
Dendritic Cell Maturation
- Dendritic cell maturation is induced through innate recognition of pathogens.
- Mature dendritic cells downregulate phagocytosis and upregulate migration to the T cell zone.
- They express CCR7, which helps them migrate to the T cell zone.
Activation of Naïve CD4+ T Cells
- Activation of a naïve CD4+ T cell occurs in the T cell zone of secondary lymphoid tissue.
- It requires interactions with a mature DC and costimulation (CD80/86).
- The 3-signal hypothesis is involved in the activation of naïve CD4+ T cells.
Key Players
- Bruce A. Beutler and Charles A. Dinarello were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2011.
- Jules A. Hoffmann, Ralph M. Steinman, and Polly Matzinger have made significant contributions to the field of immunology.
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Description
Explore the concepts of innate and adaptive immunity, including innate recognition leading to immunity, PAMPs and PRRs, the danger model of immune initiation, DAMPs, and the maturation process of immature dendritic cells. Learn about the key researchers who conceptualized these theories.
