30 Questions
Which of the following is true about the complement system?
It marks pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
What is the function of some complement protein fragments?
Act as chemoattractants to recruit more phagocytes
How are complement proteins activated at sites of infection?
They are activated locally and trigger a series of inflammatory events
What happens to complement proteins at the start of the pathway?
The activation of a small number of complement proteins is hugely amplified by each successive reaction
What triggers the activation of complement proteins?
Cleavage of zymogen
What is the role of complement proteins in phagocytosis?
They bind covalently to pathogens, opsonizing them for phagocytosis
How are complement proteins distributed throughout the body?
Widely distributed throughout body fluids and tissues without effect
What is the consequence of complement protein activation?
Triggering a series of inflammatory events
How are complement proteins regulated?
Very tightly regulated
What is the role of the complement system in interacting with pathogens?
Marking them for destruction by phagocytes
Which of the following is true about the terminal complement components?
They damage certain bacteria by creating pores in the bacterial membrane
What is the main function of small fragments of complement?
Stimulate increased blood flow, vascular permeability, and adherence of phagocytes to endothelial cells
Which receptor is best characterized for mediating the ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes?
CR1
What is the main function of chemokines?
Induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells
What is the role of complement in the immune response?
Enables the engulfing of bacteria and the recruitment of cells to the site of infection
Which proteins are lacking on pathogen surfaces, allowing the action of C3 in the complement system?
Regulatory proteins such as DAF, CD55, factor 1, factor H
What happens when the terminal complement proteins polymerize in the complement system?
They form pores in membranes that can kill certain pathogens
Which of the following is a function of cytokines?
They induce responses through binding specific receptors on target cells
What is the main function of chemoattractant cytokines (chemokines)?
Induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells
Which of the following is true about complement activation?
It is largely confined to the surface on which it is initiated
Which of the following is a function of the terminal complement proteins?
Polymerize to form pores in membranes that can kill certain pathogens
What is the main function of chemoattractant cytokines (chemokines)?
Induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells
What is the role of complement proteins in phagocytosis?
Mediate the ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes
What triggers the activation of complement proteins?
Pathogen surfaces lacking regulatory proteins
What is the consequence of complement protein activation?
Formation of pores in membranes that can kill certain pathogens
What is the main function of small fragments of complement?
Stimulate increased blood flow, vascular permeability, and adherence of phagocytes to endothelial cells
How are complement proteins regulated?
Host cells have regulatory proteins such as DAF, CD55, factor 1, and factor H
What happens when the terminal complement proteins polymerize in the complement system?
Formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) to kill certain pathogens
What is the role of the complement system in interacting with pathogens?
Enables the engulfing of bacteria and recruitment of cells to the site of infection
Which receptor is best characterized for mediating the ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes?
CR1
Test your knowledge on innate immunity with this quiz based on the content from Lecture 3 by Professor Christine Loscher. The quiz covers topics such as phagocytosis by macrophages, pattern recognition, release of cytokines and chemokines, and the activation of complement in the immune system.
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