Innate Immunity and Nail Abnormalities Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is clubbing defined as?

  • An angle between nail and nail base of exactly 180 degrees
  • A change in the angle between nail and nail base of 90 degrees
  • A change in the angle between nail and nail base of less than 180 degrees
  • A change in the angle between nail and nail base of more than 180 degrees (correct)

    • Which of the following cells are involved in Innate immunity?

  • NK cells and neutrophils (correct)
  • Helper T cells
  • Regulatory T cells
  • Cytoxic T cells

    • What do sebaceous glands produce?

  • Testosterone
  • Estrogen/Oestrogen
  • Sebum (correct)
  • Sweat

    • What is true about an acute wound?

    <p>It requires minimal treatment and heals quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about Natural Killer cells?

    <p>They are involved in Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Interferon effective against?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Regulatory T cells?

    <p>Suppressing or shutting down the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ of the lymphatic system filters blood?

    <p>Spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which areas of the body are affected by lymph fluid flowing through the lymphatic system?

    <p>right arm, right side of the head and neck, right side of the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the flow of lymph fluid through the lymphatic system?

    <p>Pressure gradient forcing fluid into lymphatic capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a Stage 1 pressure area?

    <p>Persistent, non-blanchable redness compared to surrounding skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial intervention for preventing impetigo from spreading?

    <p>Implement strict handwashing guidelines for all individuals involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the clinical judgement model in impetigo diagnosis?

    <p>Educate the mother on preventive measures against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in preventing impetigo transmission?

    <p>Implementing strict handwashing guidelines for all individuals involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the lymphatic system?

    <p>Involvement in the immune system's response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the nurse's intervention in impetigo diagnosis?

    <p>Educating the mother on preventive measures against infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pyrogens in the body?

    <p>To increase body temperature during infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do viruses rely on host cells for reproduction?

    <p>Because they are unable to participate in metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Braden scale?

    <p>To assess risk of pressure areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would a nurse ask about changes in appetite or diet during a hair assessment?

    <p>Because a change in appetite or diet may influence nutritional intake and this is evident in the condition of hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukocyte matures in the thymus?

    <p>T lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of considering turgor during a skin assessment?

    <p>To assess skin hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in the body?

    <p>To trigger an inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prostaglandins?

    <p>To act as inflammatory chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymph fluid flowing through the lymphatic system does so as a result of using a ______ gradient that forces fluid into the lymphatic capillaries.

    <p>pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stage one pressure area would be characterized by an area of persistent, non ______ redness when compared to the surrounding skin.

    <p>blanchable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To prevent impetigo from spreading, it is essential that anyone involved in the child's care, plus all other family members, ensure they wash their hands after ______ of any kind.

    <p>contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ side of the chest is affected by lymph fluid flowing through the lymphatic system.

    <p>left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using very strict ______ guidelines is crucial in preventing infection from spreading.

    <p>handwashing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nurse would educate the mother how to prevent the ______ from spreading as part of the clinical judgement model.

    <p>infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The contraction of the ______ does not drive the flow of lymph fluid through the lymphatic system.

    <p>heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse suspects a 4-year-old child has ______.

    <p>impetigo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyrogens act on the __________ to increase body temperature during infection.

    <p>hypothalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viruses need host cells to reproduce because they __________ to participate in metabolic processes.

    <p>are unable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Braden scale is used to assess people who are at risk of developing __________.

    <p>pressure areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a hair assessment, a nurse would ask about changes in appetite or diet to assess __________ intake.

    <p>nutritional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    T __________ mature in the thymus.

    <p>lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When doing a skin assessment, it is important to consider __________ to evaluate skin elasticity.

    <p>turgor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytokines are an example of __________ that act on the hypothalamus to increase body temperature during infection.

    <p>pyrogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prostaglandins are inflammatory chemicals that play a role in __________ response.

    <p>immune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    NK cells are a type of ______ cell that plays a role in innate immunity.

    <p>lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sebaceous glands produce ______, an oily substance that helps to moisturize the skin.

    <p>sebum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acute wound is typically defined as one that heals ______ and requires minimal treatment.

    <p>quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interferon is a type of ______ that helps to protect against viral infections.

    <p>cytokine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in ______ or shutting down the immune response.

    <p>suppressing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is an organ that filters blood and plays a key role in the lymphatic system.

    <p>spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right lymphatic duct drains lymph fluid from the ______ side of the head, neck, and chest.

    <p>right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clubbing is a type of deformity characterized by an increase in the angle between the nail and the ______ base.

    <p>nail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Clubbing and Nail Care

    • Clubbing is a change in the angle between the nail and nail base of more than 180 degrees.

    Innate Immunity

    • NK cells and neutrophils are involved in innate immunity, not T cells, which aid in adaptive immunity.
    • NK cells are not a type of macrophage.

    Sebaceous Glands

    • Sebaceous glands produce sebum.

    Wound Healing

    • An acute wound is not defined as one that requires various treatments and takes a long time to heal.
    • Interferon is effective against viruses.

    Lymphatic System

    • The spleen filters blood.
    • Lymph fluid flows through the lymphatic system as a result of a pressure gradient that forces fluid into the lymphatic capillaries.
    • The right lymphatic duct drains vessels from the right arm, right side of the head and neck, and right side of the chest.

    Pressure Areas

    • There are four stages of pressure areas.
    • A stage one pressure area is an area of persistent, non-blanchable redness when compared to the surrounding skin.

    Infections and Prevention

    • Impetigo is a contagious infection that requires strict handwashing guidelines to prevent spread.
    • Pyrogens are an example of cytokines, which act on the hypothalamus to increase body temperature during times of invasion by pathogens.

    Viruses and Reproduction

    • Viruses need the host cell to reproduce because they have no organelles and cannot participate in normal cellular processes.

    Assessment and Risk

    • The Braden scale is used to assess people who are at risk of pressure areas.
    • When doing an assessment of the hair, asking about changes in appetite or diet is important because it can influence nutritional intake, which is evident in the condition of the hair.

    Leukocytes and Maturation

    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus.
    • When doing a skin assessment, it is important to consider turgor because... (incomplete information)

    Lymphatic System

    • Lymph fluid flows through the lymphatic system due to a pressure gradient that forces fluid into the lymphatic capillaries.
    • The spleen filters blood in the lymphatic system.

    Pressure Areas

    • There are four stages of pressure areas.
    • A stage one pressure area is characterized by an area of persistent, non-blanchable redness when compared to the surrounding skin.

    Impetigo

    • Impetigo is a highly contagious infection that requires strict handwashing guidelines to prevent its spread.

    Pyrogens

    • Pyrogens act on the hypothalamus to increase body temperature during times of pathogenic invasion.
    • Pyrogens are an example of cytokines.

    Viruses

    • Viruses require the host cell to reproduce because they are unable to participate in metabolic processes and have no organelles.

    Braden Scale

    • The Braden scale is used to assess people who are at risk of developing pressure areas.

    Hair Assessment

    • A change in appetite or diet can influence nutritional intake, which is evident in the condition of hair.

    Leukocytes

    • T lymphocytes mature in the thymus.

    Skin Assessment

    • Turgor is an important consideration in skin assessment.

    Immunity

    • Neutrophils and NK cells are involved in innate immunity.
    • Regulatory T cells play a role in suppressing or shutting down the immune system.

    Wound Healing

    • An acute wound is not defined as one that requires various treatments and takes a long time to heal.

    Sebaceous Glands

    • Sebaceous glands produce sebum.

    Natural Killer Cells

    • Natural killer cells are not a type of macrophage.

    Interferon

    • Interferon is effective against viruses.

    Regulatory T Cells

    • Regulatory T cells play a role in suppressing or shutting down the immune system.

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    Description

    This quiz tests your knowledge of innate immunity and nail abnormalities, including clubbing and the role of different cells in the immune system.

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