Blank 4 Immunology PDF

1. Which of the following is NOT a component of innate immunity? a) Physical barriers b) Complement system c) Phagocytes d) Memory B cells 2. The process by which T cells learn to distinguish self from non-self antigens in the thymus is called: a) Clonal selection b) Adaptive immunity...

1. Which of the following is NOT a component of innate immunity? a) Physical barriers b) Complement system c) Phagocytes d) Memory B cells 2. The process by which T cells learn to distinguish self from non-self antigens in the thymus is called: a) Clonal selection b) Adaptive immunity c) Thymic education d) Antigen presentation 3. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production? a) T helper cells b) Cytotoxic T cells c) B lymphocytes d) Macrophages 4. What is the main function of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II molecules? a) To present antigens to CD8+ T cells b) To present antigens to CD4+ T cells c) To produce antibodies d) To activate the complement system 5. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive immunity? a) Specificity b) Memory  c) Immediate response d) Diversity 6. Neutrophils are primarily involved in: a) Antibody production b) Antigen presentation c) Phagocytosis of pathogens d) Memory response 7. The process by which lymphocytes capable of responding to a specific antigen proliferate is called: a) Positive selection b) Negative selection c) Clonal selection d) Affinity maturation 8. Which of the following is NOT a type of professional antigen-presenting cell? a) Dendritic cells b) Macrophages c) B cells d) Erythrocytes 9. The primary function of helper T cells is to: a) Directly kill infected cells b) Produce antibodies c) Activate and regulate other immune cells d) Form memory cells 10. Which of the following best describes the function of cytotoxic T cells? a) Antibody production b) Antigen presentation  c) Direct killing of infected or abnormal cells d) Activation of B cells 11. The ability of the immune system to respond more quickly and effectively to a pathogen it has encountered before is due to: a) Innate immunity b) Immunological memory c) Inflammation d) Phagocytosis 12. Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system? a) Transport of lymph b) Production of red blood cells c) Filtration of pathogens d) Maturation of lymphocytes 13. Interferons are classified as: a) Antibodies b) Complement proteins c) Cytokines d) Antigens 14. Which of the following cells does NOT perform phagocytosis? a) Neutrophils b) Macrophages c) Dendritic cells d) Basophils 15. The type of immunity obtained during a lifetime is called: a) Innate immunity  b) Passive immunity c) Acquired immunity d) Natural immunity 16. Which of the following is an example of a recombinant vaccine? a) Tetanus toxoid b) Inactivated polio vaccine c) Hepatitis B vaccine d) Whole-cell pertussis vaccine 17. IgM antibodies are primarily: a) Found in breast milk b) Able to cross the placenta c) Restricted to the circulation d) Present on mucosal surfaces 18. Monocytes differentiate into: a) Lymphocytes b) Neutrophils c) Macrophages d) Basophils 19. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgG antibodies? a) Most abundant in serum b) Can cross the placenta c) Has the longest half-life d) Is the first antibody produced in primary immune response 20. The process of diapedesis refers to: a) Antibody production  b) Cytokine release c) White blood cell movement through blood vessel walls d) Antigen processing 21. Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system? a) Opsonization b) Cell lysis c) Antibody production d) Inflammation 22. The theory of clonal selection states that: a) All lymphocytes are capable of responding to all antigens b) Lymphocytes are selected for destruction in the thymus c) Only lymphocytes with receptors specific for an antigen will proliferate upon exposure d) Antibodies select which antigens to respond to 23. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good vaccine? a) Safety b) Efficacy c) Ability to cause disease d) Ability to induce long-lasting immunity 24. The process by which macrophages engulf and destroy pathogens is called: a) Exocytosis b) Endocytosis c) Phagocytosis d) Pinocytosis 25. Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?  a) Neutralization of toxins b) Opsonization of pathogens c) Activation of complement d) Direct killing of bacteria 26. The primary site of T cell maturation is: a) Bone marrow b) Spleen c) Thymus d) Lymph nodes 27. Which of the following best describes the function of regulatory T cells? a) Direct killing of infected cells b) Antibody production c) Suppression of immune responses d) Activation of B cells 28. The process of somatic hypermutation occurs in: a) T cell receptors b) B cell receptors c) Macrophages d) Neutrophils 29. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a secondary immune response? a) Faster response time b) Production of more antibodies c) Primarily IgM production d) Involvement of memory cells 30. The main function of the spleen in the immune system is: a) Production of red blood cells  b) Filtration of blood-borne pathogens c) Storage of platelets d) All of the above 31. Which of the following is NOT a function of dendritic cells? a) Antigen presentation b) Activation of naive T cells c) Antibody production d) Migration to lymph nodes 32. The process by which B cells undergo class switching to produce different antibody isotypes is called: a) V(D)J recombination b) Somatic hypermutation c) Isotype switching d) Affinity maturation 33. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity? a) Rapid response b) Non-specific c) No immunological memory d) Antigen-specific receptors 34. The main function of natural killer (NK) cells is: a) Antibody production b) Antigen presentation c) Killing of virus-infected and tumor cells d) Activation of T cells 35. Which of the following is NOT a type of hypersensitivity reaction?  a) Type I (immediate) b) Type II (cytotoxic) c) Type III (immune complex) d) Type V (delayed) 36. The process by which antigens are broken down into peptides for presentation on MHC molecules is called: a) Antigen processing b) Antigen presentation c) Phagocytosis d) Endocytosis 37. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of autoimmune diseases? a) Loss of self-tolerance b) Production of autoantibodies c) Tissue damage d) Enhanced immune response to pathogens 38. The primary function of follicular dendritic cells is: a) Antigen presentation to T cells b) Antibody production c) Antigen retention and presentation to B cells d) Phagocytosis of pathogens 39. Which of the following is NOT a function of cytokines? a) Cell growth and differentiation b) Regulation of immune responses c) Antigen recognition d) Inflammation 40. The process by which neutrophils release DNA and proteins to form extracellular traps is called:  a) Phagocytosis b) NETosis c) Degranulation d) Apoptosis 41. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgA antibodies? a) Most abundant in secretions b) Provides mucosal immunity c) Exists as a dimer d) Efficiently activates complement 42. The primary function of the thymus in the immune system is: a) B cell maturation b) T cell maturation c) Antibody production d) Antigen presentation 43. Which of the following is NOT a function of the complement system? a) Opsonization b) Chemotaxis c) Membrane attack complex formation d) Antibody production 44. The process by which T cells become activated upon encounter with their specific antigen is called: a) Positive selection b) Negative selection c) Clonal expansion d) Affinity maturation 45. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of immunological tolerance? a) Prevention of autoimmune responses b) Elimination of self-reactive lymphocytes c) Induction of regulatory T cells d) Enhanced response to self-antigens 46. The primary function of eosinophils in the immune system is: a) Phagocytosis of bacteria b) Defense against parasitic infections c) Antigen presentation d) Antibody production 47. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of MHC class I molecules? a) Present peptides to CD8+ T cells b) Found on all nucleated cells c) Present endogenous antigens d) Present exogenous antigens 48. The process by which memory B cells rapidly differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells upon re-exposure to an antigen is called: a) Primary response b) Secondary response c) Affinity maturation d) Isotype switching 49. Which of the following is NOT a function of the acute phase response? a) Fever induction b) Increased vascular permeability  c) Production of acute phase proteins d) Adaptive immune cell activation 50. The primary function of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells is: a) Antibody production b) Antigen presentation c) Recognition of lipid antigens d) Complement activation