Inhibition of Olfaction: Anosmia vs. Adaptation

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What is the result of the integration of smell signals from the nose and taste signals from the tongue?

Flavor (correct)

Aroma

Taste

Smell

What is aroma?

The sensation of taste

The sensation of smell (correct)

The combination of smell and taste

The sensation of pain

What is the difference between flavor and aroma?

Flavor incorporates multiple senses, while aroma is purely the sensation of smell (correct)

Flavor and aroma are the same

Flavor is the sensation of taste, while aroma is the sensation of smell

Flavor is the sensation of smell, while aroma is the sensation of taste

What senses are involved in the perception of flavor?

Smell, taste, texture, temperature, and pain Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a stimulus used to test the sense of smell?

Coffee grounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of blindfolding a person when testing their sense of smell?

To prevent visual cues from influencing their perception Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the problem that occurs when a stimulus cannot reach the receptor?

Transport problem Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a disorder that can affect the sense of taste?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to assess the sense of taste?

Taste strips Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for conductive anosmia?

Increase in mucus lining in the nasal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of peripheral adaptation?

Decreased activation of receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for complete taste loss?

Ageusia Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the taste buds?

In the papilla Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for gustatory hallucination?

Phantogeusia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of granule cells?

To lessen the activity of secondary neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of central adaptation?

Decreased sensitivity to stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for distorted taste perception?

Dysgeusia Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the gustatory neuron?

On the other end of the taste buds Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of loud sounds on the auditory pathway?

Decreased movement of the ossicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tympanic reflex?

To reduce sound transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the resting membrane potential of hair cells?

-60 mV Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the movement of the tympanic membrane at high altitude?

It decreases Signup and view all the answers

What is the snail-like structure in the inner ear?

Cochlea Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased NT release on the cochlear nerve?

Increased firing of neurons Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the stereocilia when the basilar membrane vibrates towards the stria vascularis?

They bend towards the kinocilium Signup and view all the answers

What causes the bending of stereocilia towards the kinocilium?

Spatial summation Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid inside the ducts in the cochlea?

Endolymph Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the proteins connecting stereocilia to kinocilium?

To connect tip links Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the opening of the K+ and Ca2+ channels in the auditory pathway?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the round window?

Pressure dissipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of depolarization on the hair cells?

It causes the influx of K+ ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the tympanic reflex on sound transmission?

It decreases sound transmission Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the kinocilium?

To bend the stereocilia Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the stapes in the middle ear?

Stepping into the oval window Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the wavelength in bone conduction?

The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction time for the tympanic reflex?

40-160 ms Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the bending of stereocilia away from the kinocilium?

Hyperpolarization of the hair cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bulging out of the tympanic membrane?

Decreased vibration of the ossicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that separates the Scala Media from the Scala Tympani?

Basilar membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Ca2+ channels in auditory transduction?

To release glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vesicles in the hair cells?

To store glutamate Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of pressure transmission from the stapes?

Oval window → Scala Vestibuli → Scala Tympani Signup and view all the answers