Information Systems Ethics Chapter 8
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'information systems ethics' refer to?

  • A set of moral principles governing individual or group conduct (correct)
  • Technological advancements in information systems
  • Legal guidelines for software development
  • The impact of information systems on business profits

A code of ethics is only applicable to the business sector.

False (B)

What are the three forms of protection provided for intellectual property?

Copyright, patent, and trademark

A code of ethics typically outlines acceptable behaviors for a ________ group.

<p>professional or social</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the ethical dilemmas to their examples:

<p>Piracy = Illegally downloading music Data Privacy = Unauthorized access to personal information Intellectual Property Theft = Copying software without permission Social Media Ethics = Sharing private messages without consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of having a code of ethics?

<p>May limit personal expression of beliefs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Technological advancements have no impact on individual privacy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a code of ethics in a professional organization?

<p>To outline acceptable behaviors and guide decision-making among members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'NC' in the CC-BY-NC license stand for?

<p>Non-commercial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patent is automatically granted when someone has a unique idea and writes it down.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one condition that must be met to obtain a patent.

<p>It must be original.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ identifies a source of goods or services.

<p>trademark</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following licenses with their descriptions:

<p>CC-BY = Allows others to distribute and build upon work with credit CC-BY-NC = Allows others to use work non-commercially with credit CC-BY-NC-ND = Allows use without derivatives for non-commercial purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can receive patent protection?

<p>A new prescription drug formula (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A common-law trademark and a registered trademark are the same.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symbol is used to designate a registered trademark?

<p>® (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does patent protection limit once expired?

<p>The invention enters the public domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A common-law trademark can be designated with the circle-R (®) symbol.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PII stand for?

<p>Personally Identifiable Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organizations that fail to protect _____ can face penalties.

<p>PII</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions under which a trademark won't hold with their descriptions:

<p>Confusion = Causes confusion with existing marks Descriptive = Merely descriptive of goods/services Geographic = A term related to location Surname = A name representing a person</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of personally identifiable information?

<p>Social security number (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organizations are completely restricted from sharing personally identifiable information.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Non-Obvious Relationship Awareness (NORA) used for?

<p>Creating profiles of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of copyright protection?

<p>To protect the legal rights of an author over their creative work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Copyright protection automatically mandates registering the work with the Copyright Office.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does copyright protection last after the author's death?

<p>Seventy years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creative Commons is a ______ organization that provides legal tools for artists and authors.

<p>nonprofit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Creative Commons licenses allows for the most freedom of use?

<p>CC-BY (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Creative Commons licenses with their descriptions:

<p>CC-BY = Allows commercial use with credit CC-BY-SA = Share-alike clause CC-BY-NC = Non-commercial use only CC-BY-ND = No derivatives allowed</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first US copyright law protected works for a period of 14 years with a renewable term.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a Creative Commons license is attached to a work?

<p>A legally binding license is created</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors is considered ethically unacceptable according to the ACM's code of ethics?

<p>Using another’s computer system without permission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A code of ethics has legal authority and breaking it is considered a crime.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of organizational leaders concerning computer systems?

<p>Ensure that systems enhance the quality of working life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intellectual property includes creations such as song lyrics, a computer program, or even a __________.

<p>sculpture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is an example of an acceptable use policy violation?

<p>Sharing your login credentials with friends (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects with their relevant descriptions:

<p>Code of Ethics = Clarifies acceptable standards of behavior Intellectual Property = Creations from the mind or intellect Acceptable Use Policy = Outlines allowed activities during service use Organizational Leaders = Enhance quality of working life</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acceptable use policies can lead to penalties such as losing access to resources when violated.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one advantage of having a code of ethics in a professional environment.

<p>Clarifies standards of behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ethics

A set of principles that guide the behavior of individuals or groups.

Code of Ethics

A document that outlines acceptable behavior for a professional or social group, agreed upon by members.

Impact of Technology on Ethics

The introduction of new technologies can change how people behave and create situations not addressed by existing ethics.

Information Systems Ethics

The study of ethical issues raised by information systems and the use of technology.

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Digital Music Piracy Ethics

The ability to make perfect copies of digital music led to increased music piracy, even by people who would not steal a physical CD.

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Code of Ethics for Computing Professionals

A document outlining acceptable behavior for computer professionals, including academics, researchers, and practitioners.

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Digital Piracy

The term refers to the creation of perfect copies of digital media, often without permission or payment.

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ACM Code of Ethics

The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is a professional organization with a code of ethics for computing professionals.

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Acceptable Use Policy

A document that outlines what is and isn't allowed while using an organization's services. It includes rules for accessing and using resources like internet, computers, and software.

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Intellectual Property

The legal right to own and control the use of original ideas, inventions, and creative works. Examples include songs, software, designs, and artwork.

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Ethical Leadership in Technology

The responsibility of organizational leaders to ensure that technology enhances the quality of life for employees, not degrades it. This includes promoting well-being, reducing stress, and fostering a healthy work environment.

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Unauthorized Access

The act of using someone else's login credentials without permission, typically to access their computer systems or resources.

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Unsolicited Email (Spam)

The act of sending unwanted electronic messages, often to a large group of people, typically for commercial purposes.

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Demeaning Systems

The act of creating or using systems that intentionally or unintentionally discriminate against individuals or groups based on characteristics like race, gender, or religion.

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Ethical Technology Use

The act of deliberately or unintentionally causing harm to individuals or groups through the use of technology, even if the intention is not malicious.

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Copyright

The exclusive right granted to creators of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, and certain other intellectual works.

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Copyright Protection in the US

The creator automatically obtains copyright protection by simply creating the work. Registration is optional, but recommended for commercial use.

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Copyright Duration in the US

Copyright law in the US provides protection for 70 years after the author's death or 95 years from the date of creation for works made for hire.

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Creative Commons

A nonprofit organization that creates legal tools for artists and authors to easily license their work for others to use.

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CC-BY: Attribution License

This Creative Commons license allows anyone to share and adapt the work, even for commercial use, as long as they credit the original author.

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CC-BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike License

This Creative Commons license requires anyone sharing or adapting the work to distribute their version under the same license.

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Creative Commons Licenses

A legal tool for artists and authors to provide clear guidelines for how their work can be used and shared.

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Copyright Rights

The rights the copyright holder has over their work, including the right to make copies, perform publicly, display publicly, and distribute.

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CC-BY

This Creative Commons license allows others to freely use, share, and adapt the work, but they must attribute the original author and use the same Creative Commons license. It's like saying "You can use my recipe, but you have to give me credit and share it with the same rules."

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CC-BY-NC

This Creative Commons license is very similar to CC-BY, but it adds a restriction that others cannot make money from the work. It's like saying "You can use my recipe, but you can't sell it."

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CC-BY-NC-ND

This Creative Commons license is the strictest. No one can make money from the work, and they cannot create derivative works. Basically, others can only share the work exactly as it is.

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Patent

A patent provides legal protection to inventors for new products or processes. It's a right given by the authorities to use, make, and sell an invention for a limited period. It's like a temporary monopoly on an innovation.

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Obtaining a Patent

A patent is not automatically granted. It's a rigorous process where the invention must meet certain conditions to be approved by a government agency.

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Conditions for a Patent

To be granted a patent, the invention must be original, non-obvious, and useful.

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Trademark

A trademark is a symbol or sign that distinguishes a company's products or services from others. It can be a word, logo, shape, or sound.

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Types of Trademarks

There are two types of trademarks: common-law trademarks and registered trademarks. Common-law trademarks are established by use, while registered trademarks are officially registered with a government agency.

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Registered Trademark

A legal right provided by a government to an individual or company to have exclusive use of a name, logo, or symbol for their products or services.

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Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

Personally identifiable information (PII) refers to any information about a person that can be used to uniquely identify them. Examples include names, social security numbers, dates of birth, and addresses.

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Privacy

The ability to control information about oneself. It's the right to decide who has access to your personal information and how it is used.

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Non-Obvious Relationship Awareness (NORA)

A process of collecting and combining vast amounts of data from different sources to create detailed profiles of individuals. It aims to uncover hidden connections and patterns.

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Registered Trademark

A mark that has been examined, approved, and officially registered with a government entity like the US Patent and Trademark Office. This mark is protected legally.

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Common-law Trademark

A mark used to identify goods or services that is not officially registered. This type of mark is protected by common law.

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Non-Obvious Relationship Awareness (NORA)

A process of collecting and combining vast amounts of data from different sources to create detailed profiles of individuals. It aims to uncover hidden connections and patterns.

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Study Notes

Information Systems

  • Information systems impact far beyond business
  • New technologies create novel situations
  • New capabilities need ethical frameworks
  • Need new laws to protect from ourselves
  • Learning Objectives:
    • Define information systems ethics
    • Explain and assess codes of ethics
    • Define intellectual property, including copyright, patents, and trademarks
    • Evaluate the impact of information technology on individual privacy

Introduction

  • Information systems have significantly impacted beyond business
  • New technologies lead to unfamiliar situations
  • Need to manage new capabilities
  • Need new laws related to technology usage

Information Systems Ethics

  • Ethics are moral principles or standards for conduct
  • New technologies influence human behavior deeply
  • New technologies create ethical challenges today
  • Those who understand these new technologies have more power.

Ethical Dilemmas

  • Digital technologies create challenges and ethical issues
  • Easy digital copying of music leads to copyrighted music being downloaded illegally
  • This problem is observed in other areas.

Code of Ethics

  • Document outlining acceptable behaviors in a professional or social group
  • Agreed upon and understood by all members
  • Distinguishes between appropriate and inappropriate actions

Application of the Code

  • ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) has a code of ethics and professional conduct
  • It covers academics, researchers, and practitioners

Key Ethical Instructions in the ACM's Code of Ethics

  • Using computer systems without permission is unethical
  • Systems that demean people/groups are ethically unacceptable
  • Computer systems should improve, not harm, people's work life

Advantages of Code of Ethics

  • Clarifies acceptable professional behavior
  • Creates clarity and consistency
  • Improves company reputation
  • Prevents legal violations

Disadvantages of Code of Ethics

  • Lack of legal authority, breaking it is not a crime
  • May not cover all ethical issues that arise
  • May not reflect the ethics of every member of a group

Acceptable Use Policies

  • Rules outlining what is allowed and not allowed using organizational services
  • Examples: University WiFi terms of service

Acceptable Use from Virginia Tech

  • Borrowing login details is prohibited
  • Commercial use of systems is often prohibited
  • Unsolicited emails/mass communications are typically prohibited

Intellectual Property

  • Intellectual property refers to ideas, inventions, or processes
  • Song lyrics, computer programs, new inventions, and art are examples
  • These laws exist to protect the tangible results of an idea
  • Copyright protects creative works like songs, programs, and books
  • Copyright holders control how their works are used
    • Copying
    • Display
    • Performance
    • Distribution
  • Copyright is often automatic upon creation (in some places)
  • However, registering with a copyright office is advised for commercial use.
  • Current copyright lasts for a period after author's death or creation
  • The initial laws protected a limited period of time for content creation.

Creative Commons

  • The Creative Commons nonprofit organization provides legal tools for creators
  • The objective is to easily license creative work for use or distribution
  • Consistent with original intent, shown by a Creative Commons symbol

Creative Commons Licensing

  • By attaching a license, legally binding use cases are created
  • CC-BY is the least restrictive licensing option, allowing others to distribute or build upon a work, commercially or otherwise, as long as original authorship is acknowledged .
  • CC-BY-SA: Allows distribution and use of the work as long as it adheres to the same license

CC-BY-NC and CC-BY-NC-ND

  • CC-BY-NC restricts commercial use of the content
  • CC-BY-NC-ND prohibits both commercial use and derivative works based on the creative work

Patents

  • Patents protect new products or invention processes
  • Some examples include: formulas, firearms, engines (etc.)
  • Patent protection lasts for a time period.

Obtaining Patent Protection

  • Unlike copyright, patents aren't automated
  • Requirements and conditions are specific for a patent to be obtained
  • A patent application is formally submitted to the government patent office

Conditions to Obtain Patent Protection

  • Original work
  • Non-obvious method or finding
  • Has practical use/application

Trademark

  • Trademark designates a word, phrase, logo, shape, or sound to identify goods/services.
    • Examples: Nike swoosh, Facebook "f" , Apple's logo
  • Two types of trademarks:
    • Common law
    • Registered

Common-Law and Registered Trademarks

  • Common-law trademarks use "TM"
  • Registered trademarks use "®" to symbolize prior examination and official approval by a trademark office

Conditions under which trademark won't hold

  • Trademark likely to cause confusion with existing registrations
  • Trademark purely descriptive of a product/service
  • Trademark is a geographic term or surname

Privacy in Information Systems

  • Privacy is the ability to control personal information
  • Personally Identifiable Information (PII) includes data that uniquely identifies a person
    • Examples: Name, social security, birth date

Penalties and Organizations for Protecting PII

  • Organizations can be subject to penalties and lawsuits for failing to protect PII
  • Some states and the EU require notification of breaches of PII information

Non-Obvious Relationship Awareness (NORA)

  • NORA is a data analysis method
  • It gathers large quantities of data on individuals and creates comprehensive profiles
  • First used by Casinos to find cheaters

Summary

  • Rapid information technology changes lead to new capabilities for individuals, organizations, and governments
  • Thoughtful analysis and development of new norms, regulations, and laws are necessary for navigating these changes

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Information Systems 8 - The Ethical and Legal Implication of IS PDF

Description

This quiz explores the ethical and legal implications of information systems as outlined in Chapter 8. You will learn about information system ethics, intellectual property, and the impact of technology on individual privacy. Assess the challenges and frameworks required to navigate new technological capabilities responsibly.

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