Learning Module 8: Info Systems and Ethics

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step organizations should take after achieving initial success in implementing a new system?

  • Increase the pace and tackle bigger changes (correct)
  • Evaluate the pilot program results
  • Train all employees on the new system
  • Consolidate gains and celebrate success

How can organizations make changes stick within their culture?

  • By ignoring employee feedback
  • By frequently revisiting old methods
  • By incorporating changes into onboarding processes (correct)
  • By reducing training for new employees

According to Rick Maurer, what is one of the most overlooked causes of resistance to change?

  • Insufficient leadership support
  • Inadequate training resources
  • Lack of confidence in change-makers (correct)
  • Communication failures

What is the main goal after running a successful pilot program using a new system?

<p>To expand its use to other teams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should organizations do to maintain momentum after initial changes?

<p>Introduce new projects and themes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is crucial for managing resistance to new information systems?

<p>Understanding the root causes of resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be emphasized to enhance the likelihood of change acceptance within an organization?

<p>The connection between new behaviors and organizational success (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does employee training play in the change process?

<p>It helps integrate new processes effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major purpose of professional codes of conduct?

<p>They establish standards for entering and practicing in a profession. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do professional codes of conduct contribute to public trust?

<p>By ensuring professionals act in ways that benefit society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequence might a professional face for violating their code of conduct?

<p>Termination from their professional association. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is essential for companies to build trust in the digital age?

<p>Transparency and accountability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for businesses to address ethical and social issues in information systems?

<p>To ensure a safe and fair digital environment for users. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Maurer’s 3 Levels of Resistance to Change?

<p>I don’t get it, I don’t like it, I don’t like you (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strong emotional reactions do people commonly experience during change?

<p>Denial, anger, and sadness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can organizations effectively counteract resistance from a lack of training?

<p>By providing comprehensive training (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential emotional reaction employees might have to change?

<p>Anxiety regarding the new processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool can help manage emotional responses to change?

<p>Kübler-Ross Change Curve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might prevent employees from accepting change?

<p>Strong emotional reactions to change (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a change process, what approach can help facilitate a better understanding of employee concerns?

<p>Listening sessions for expressing concerns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can potentially trigger resistance aside from the change itself?

<p>The person making the change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key strategy to foster a learning culture in an organization?

<p>Establish a recognition program for innovative ideas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can leaders effectively model change within an organization?

<p>By using new tools and demonstrating their benefits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended tip to overcome resistance to change?

<p>Isolate teams to avoid distractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do information systems play in change initiatives?

<p>They help automate repetitive tasks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is gathering employee feedback important before implementing changes?

<p>To understand their feelings and make informed adjustments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of providing support during a transition?

<p>It helps employees to adjust comfortably to new systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a communication strategy during change?

<p>Share information about changes as early and honestly as possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can measuring performance after implementing changes be beneficial?

<p>It provides insights for future adjustments if needed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of providing detailed training sessions during a software transition?

<p>To help employees feel confident using the new system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can self-help resources assist employees during a software transition?

<p>By providing detailed troubleshooting guides and tutorials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to allocate sufficient resources during a transition to new software?

<p>To address employee frustrations and resistance effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Knowledge' element of the ADKAR model focus on during change management?

<p>Equipping employees with necessary skills for the transition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method to alleviate the fear of failure among employees during a transition?

<p>Encouraging hands-on practice with the new system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can organizing practice sessions before a system transition benefit employees?

<p>It allows them to experiment without pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common fears that employees face regarding organizational change?

<p>Fear of inability to adapt successfully to change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does effective training play in an organization’s transition to new software?

<p>It equips staff with skills necessary for navigating changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle emphasizes empathy by encouraging one to consider how their actions affect others?

<p>The Golden Rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Kant’s Categorical Imperative suggest about moral actions?

<p>If an action is not right for everyone, it is not right for anyone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle warns against the dangers of small unethical actions leading to greater issues?

<p>Descartes’ Rule of Change (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern of ethical principles in decision-making?

<p>Balancing efficiency with ethical standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios aligns with the application of Descartes’ Rule of Change?

<p>A manager who inflates monthly sales reports occasionally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle would suggest that one should reflect on the potential impact of their actions if everyone acted in the same way?

<p>Kant’s Categorical Imperative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to apply ethical principles in decision-making within organizations?

<p>To ensure decisions respect individual values and societal well-being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Golden Rule apply to data privacy issues?

<p>It encourages individuals to respect others' privacy as they would want theirs respected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mistrust & Lack of Confidence

Employees lack trust or confidence in the person leading the change.

Fear of Loss

People fear losing something they value, such as job security, power, or even comfort.

Disruption to Routine

Change disrupts routines and habits, making people uncomfortable.

Lack of Understanding

Employees may not understand the need for change, making them resist it.

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Impact on Skills

Changes might impact how tasks are performed, impacting individual skills and expertise.

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Threat to Power

Employees might see the change as a threat to their power or influence.

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Conflicting Values

The change might contradict existing values or beliefs.

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Lack of Resources

Employees might resist change due to a lack of resources, training, or support.

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I Don't Get It

Individuals struggling to grasp the change, lacking understanding of its necessity, or its implementation.

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I Don't Like It

People express dislike towards the change itself, finding it undesirable or inconvenient.

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I Don't Like You

Opposition arises due to dissatisfaction with the person or entity driving the change, not the change itself.

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Emotional Responses to Change

Changes can disrupt routines and cause unease, leading to emotional responses like anxiety or frustration.

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Using Change Models

Utilizing models like the Kübler-Ross Change Curve helps navigate emotional responses to change by acknowledging and addressing stages like denial, anger, or sadness.

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Listening to Sessions

Providing a safe space for employees to express concerns and worries about the change helps address their emotional responses.

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Comprehensive Training

Offering comprehensive training programs that equip employees with the knowledge and skills to adapt to changes effectively.

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Lack of Training & Resources

Employees resist change when they lack the necessary resources, training, or support to adapt to new processes or systems.

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Fear of Failure

People resist change because they fear they won't be able to adapt successfully to the new system or process.

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Knowledge in ADKAR

Providing employees with the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in the new system. For example, offering comprehensive training on the new software.

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Ability in ADKAR

Giving employees opportunities to practice using the new system in a safe environment. This builds confidence and reduces the fear of failure.

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Sufficient Resources

Ensuring there are enough resources, including personnel and budget, to support the implementation of the change.

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Self-Help Resources

Clear and accessible support materials like user guides, FAQs, and tutorials that employees can easily refer to when they need help with the new system.

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Detailed Training

Creating detailed training sessions that cover both basic and advanced features of the new system, giving employees confidence in using it.

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Ongoing Support

Providing support and guidance to employees as they transition to the new system, helping them overcome challenges and build confidence.

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Self-Service Platform

Implementing a platform where employees can easily find resources like tutorials, user guides, and troubleshooting tips for the new system.

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What is the role of professional codes of conduct?

Codes establish rules and standards for practicing professions, ensuring trust between professionals and the public. They promote accountability, holding professionals responsible for adhering to ethical guidelines.

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What is the ultimate goal of professional codes?

Professional codes of conduct help ensure that members of a profession act in ways that benefit society and uphold public trust.

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How does the AMA's code of conduct benefit patients?

When a healthcare professional follows the AMA's code, patients can be confident they'll receive respectful and safe care.

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How does the ACM's code of conduct benefit users?

IT professionals who adhere to the ACM's code protect user data and respect creators' rights.

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What happens if a professional violates a code of conduct?

Violating a professional code of conduct can lead to consequences, such as losing a license or membership.

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Education & Training

Provide employees with the skills and knowledge needed to adapt to new processes or tools, making them feel confident and comfortable.

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Gathering Employee Feedback

Gathering feedback from employees before implementing changes helps understand their concerns and perspectives, making the transition smoother.

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Consulting with Employees

Consulting with employees before making any changes helps ensure that their needs and concerns are considered, fostering a sense of ownership and collaboration.

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Involving Employees in the Process

Involving team members in the change management plan helps them feel valued, contributing to a sense of ownership and responsibility for the project.

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Providing Support

Ensure employees have the resources, training, and support they need to adjust to new processes or systems, fostering a sense of security and confidence during the transition.

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The Golden Rule

This principle emphasizes understanding how your actions affect others by putting yourself in their shoes. For example, consider how you would feel if someone accessed your private information without permission.

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Kant's Categorical Imperative

This principle asks if an action would be sustainable if everyone did it. For instance, if everyone ignored data privacy rules, it could damage the organization's reputation.

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Clear and Frequent Communication

Keeping employees informed about changes as early as possible builds trust and transparency, minimizing resistance and increasing acceptance.

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Descartes' Rule of Change

This principle warns against small, seemingly harmless actions that could lead to bigger problems if repeated. For example, exaggerating results in a report.

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Measuring Performance

Tracking how changes are affecting performance allows identifying areas that need improvement and adjusting for future phases of the change, ensuring continuous improvement.

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Automating Tasks

Information systems can automate repetitive tasks, saving time and reducing errors, facilitating change initiatives by improving efficiency and accuracy.

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Ethical Principles

Ethical principles are based on long-standing moral standards found in many cultures.

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Balancing Individual and Societal Values

Applying ethical principles helps ensure that decisions respect both individual values and societal well-being.

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Empathy in Decision-Making

The Golden Rule encourages empathy by putting yourself in someone else's position to understand the impact of your actions.

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Universalizability of Actions

Kant's Categorical Imperative helps judge if an action is acceptable by considering its universal application.

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The 'Slippery Slope' Effect

Descartes' Rule of Change highlights the potential risks of seemingly small actions that could escalate into bigger problems if repeated.

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Study Notes

Learning Module 8: Information Systems, Organizational Change, and Ethical Responsibility

  • This module examines how information systems support organizational change and growth, while also addressing ethical considerations.
  • Information systems are crucial for improving processes, decision-making, and efficiency.
  • Ethical concerns, like user privacy, employee monitoring, and the social impact of technology, must be considered alongside technological advancements.
  • IS professionals must balance technological progress with ethical practices to benefit both the organization and stakeholders.

Intended Learning Outcomes

  • Analyze how information systems drive organizational change and improve efficiency.
  • Evaluate ethical issues related to data privacy and IS professional responsibilities.
  • Develop solutions for ethical challenges in IS implementation.

Systems as Planned Organizational Change

  • Change management in IS involves structured transitions from current to desired future states for individuals, teams, and organizations.
  • Effective change management is crucial for successful IS implementations and long-term sustainability.
  • Change management is significant because implementing new information systems often alters processes, roles, and workflows.
  • Resistance, confusion, and project failure are possible without proper change management.

Change Management Frameworks

  • Lewin's Change Model:
    • Unfreeze: Preparing for change by creating a sense of urgency and gaining stakeholder support.
    • Change: Implementing the required changes, encouraging feedback, and making adjustments.
    • Refreeze: Integrating the changes into the organization's culture by reinforcing new practices and behaviors.
  • Kotter's Eight Steps Change Model:
    • Create a sense of urgency.
    • Build a guiding coalition.
    • Form a strategic vision and initiate.
    • Enlist a volunteer army.
    • Enable action by removing barriers.
    • Celebrate quick wins.
    • Increase the pace.
    • Institute change.

Managing Resistance to Change

  • Resistance to change arises from various factors, including:
    • Mistrust and lack of confidence (people trust the change-maker/leader).
    • Emotional responses (anxiety, upset).
    • Lack of training and help resources (being unprepared for the change/not having the tools).
    • Fear of failure (not adapting successfully).

Ethical and Social Issues in IS

  • Privacy concerns regarding data collection and usage.
  • Data security and the potential for breaches or unauthorized access.
  • Intellectual property rights.
  • Data quality issues (accuracy and reliability)
  • Social inequality due to access disparities.
  • Impact on employment through automation and artificial intelligence.
  • Environmental concerns linked to technology production and disposal.
  • Organizational considerations (addressing ethical concerns).
  • Strategies for handling ethical issues in information systems (assessing the impact).
  • Developing appropriate policies and procedures to address ethical issues.
  • Communicating these policies and procedures to stakeholders.
  • Monitoring compliance with these policies.
  • Regularly reviewing and updating policies.

Ethical Analysis Framework

  • Identify the Facts.
  • Identify the Values in Conflict (what's the dilemma).
  • Identify Stakeholders.
  • Identify the Possible Options to address the dilemma.
  • Identify the Potential Consequences of each option.

Additional Considerations

  • Ethical principles govern decisions made when employing IS, encompassing responsibility (accountability), and liability for potential consequences.
  • Professional codes of conduct provide guidelines for ethical behavior, often created by professional organizations.

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