Inflammation Overview and Objectives

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of transient vasoconstriction in small arterioles during inflammation?

Direct effect of the irritant on the vascular wall (correct)

Swelling of the vascular endothelium

Release of histamine

Increased blood viscosity

What effect does histamine primarily have on the capillaries during an inflammatory response?

Causes vasoconstriction

Reduces blood flow to the area

Increases capillary permeability (correct)

Stimulates lymphatic drainage

Which of the following is a consequence of vasodilation in arterioles during inflammation?

Formation of inflammatory exudates (correct)

Decreased blood flow to the inflamed area

Increased stasis in blood flow

Reduced redness in the affected area

What primarily causes stasis in blood flow during the inflammatory process?

Increased blood viscosity Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the inflammatory fluid exudate?

High cellular content Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the inflammatory fluid exudate?

Increasing oxygen supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of high fibrinogen content in inflammatory fluid exudate?

Promotion of turbidity and clotting Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the formation of inflammatory exudates during inflammation?

Increased capillary permeability and hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to lymphatic vessels at the end of inflammation?

They dilate to drain fluid exudates Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the local vascular reactions during inflammation?

To deliver immune cells and promote healing Signup and view all the answers

What suffix is commonly used to denote inflammation of an organ?

-itis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a known cause of inflammation?

Physical exercise Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes chronic inflammation compared to acute inflammation?

Gradual onset and long duration Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples depicts an organ with inflammation?

Hepatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inflammation?

To defend against and eliminate injurious agents Signup and view all the answers

Which type of irritant is categorized as 'non-living'?

Mechanical friction Signup and view all the answers

Acute inflammation is characterized by which of the following?

Short duration and sudden onset Signup and view all the answers

What occurs locally during acute inflammation?

Local vascular reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically related to inflammation of the joints?

Arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What is a character of inflammatory fluid exudate?

It helps to eliminate necrotic cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inflammation-1

Inflammation is a protective response of living tissue to an irritant.
It aims to defend against harmful agents, remove damaged tissue, and initiate repair processes.
Inflammation involves local tissue, vascular, and lymphatic reactions.

Intended Learning Objectives

Understand the definitions, types, causes, and nomenclature of inflammation.
Describe the pathogenesis of acute inflammation.
Characterize and understand the function of inflammatory fluid exudate.

Definition of Inflammation

Inflammation is a local tissue, vascular, and lymphatic reaction of living tissue against an irritant.

Nomenclature of Inflammation

Inflammation is named by adding the suffix "-itis" to the affected organ's name (e.g., appendicitis for the appendix).

Causes of Inflammation

Living irritants: Bacteria, toxins, viruses, parasites, fungi
Non-living irritants:
- Physical: Extreme heat, cold, radiation
- Chemical: Acids, alkalis, poisons
- Mechanical: Trauma, friction, foreign bodies
- Immunological: Allergic reactions

Types of Inflammation

Acute Inflammation: Sudden onset, short duration (days to weeks).
Chronic Inflammation: Gradual onset, long duration (months to years).

Pathogenesis of Acute Inflammation

Local tissue reactions: Occur at the site of inflammation, characterized by maximum irritant concentration and tissue death (necrosis). Cells release chemical mediators like histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandins.
Local vascular reactions: Inflammation involves a sequence of events involving blood vessels:
- Transient vasoconstriction: Immediate, brief narrowing of arterioles.
- Vasodilation: Widening of arterioles, venules, and capillaries due to histamine action; leading to redness and heat (hyperemia).
- Slowing of blood flow (stasis): Increased blood viscosity due to inflammatory exudates; slowing of blood flow. Histamine causes vascular endothelium swelling & stickiness to slow blood flow further.
- Formation of inflammatory exudates: Plasma and cells leak into interstitial spaces forming exudates. It consists of inflammatory fluid and inflammatory cells (leucocytes).
- Lymphatic vessel dilation: Drains fluid exudates at the end of inflammation.

Inflammatory Fluid Exudate

High protein content: 4-8 gm% versus 1 gm% for normal interstitial fluid.
High fibrinogen content: Causes turbidity and clotting when standing.
High specific gravity: Above 1018
High cellular content: Polymorphs and macrophages.

Functions of Inflammatory Fluid Exudate

Minimize effects of toxins: Dilutes chemicals, poisons, toxins
Carry antibodies: Transport antibodies to the inflamed site
Supply nutrients and remove waste: Provides cells with vital elements and removes waste.
Form a barrier: Fibrin network prevents infection spread and helps cells reach the irritant.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of inflammation, including its definitions, types, causes, and nomenclature. Learn about the protective role of inflammation, the pathogenesis of acute inflammation, and the significance of inflammatory fluid exudate. Test your understanding of this essential biological response.