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Infection Control: HNB1102 Nursing Foundations
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Infection Control: HNB1102 Nursing Foundations

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Questions and Answers

What do Standard Precautions (Tier 1) assume?

  • Infections are only transmitted in specific healthcare settings
  • Every person is immune to infections
  • Every person is potentially infected or colonized with an organism (correct)
  • Infections can only be transmitted through droplets

    • Transmission Based Precautions are only implemented when standard precautions are sufficient.

    False

    What is the primary purpose of breaking the chain of infection?

    To prevent the spread of germs between individuals.

    Tier 2 precautions include ________, Droplet Precautions, and Airborne Precautions.

    <p>Contact Precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following precautions with their examples:

    <p>Contact Precautions = Multi-resistant organisms, norovirus Droplet Precautions = Pertussis, meningococcus Airborne Precautions = Pulmonary TB, chickenpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of Standard Precautions?

    <p>Routine surgeries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Standard Precautions should be applied to only patients with visible infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one example of an infection that requires Airborne Precautions.

    <p>Pulmonary TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of protective equipment must be worn during procedures to prevent body substance exposure?

    <p>Protective eyewear and surgical mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Masks should be reused after being lowered around the neck.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one type of transmission-based precaution.

    <p>Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions, or Airborne Precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gown and gloves are required when handling suspected infectious agents that spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient's ______.

    <p>environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the strategies for droplet transmission?

    <p>Avoid any eye protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the transmission-based precaution with its corresponding characteristics:

    <p>Contact Precautions = Used for direct or indirect contact Droplet Precautions = Transmitted via large particle aerosols Airborne Precautions = Spread through small particle nuclei over long distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required when droplets are generated by a patient sneezing or talking?

    <p>Surgical mask or N95 mask when within 1m.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ transmission method requires placing the patient in a single room and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.

    <p>Contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the most important hygiene measure in preventing the spread of infection?

    <p>Hand-washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sterile gloves should be used for all patient care activities.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should routine hand washing take?

    <p>40-60 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 5 moments of hand hygiene include washing before touching a patient, before a procedure, after body fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, and after touching patient __________.

    <p>surroundings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the PPE items with their purposes:

    <p>Gloves = Protecting from infectious agents Gowns = Preventing contamination of clothing Eye Protection = Preventing exposure to splashes Mask = Reducing airborne transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can alcohol-based hand sanitizer be used instead of hand washing?

    <p>When hands are visibly clean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol-based hand sanitizer is less likely to cause allergic dermatitis than traditional handwashing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should hand washing be performed before an aseptic procedure?

    <p>1 minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest type of microorganism that requires a living host to replicate?

    <p>Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria can cause infections but do not require a living host to grow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of a viral infection.

    <p>Common cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For an infection to occur, micro-organisms must enter the body, grow, and __________.

    <p>cause a response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of microorganism with its description:

    <p>Virus = Requires a living host to replicate Bacteria = Most common type of infection Fungi = Plant-like organisms that can cause infections Protozoa = Single-celled organisms that can cause disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the chain of infection?

    <p>Micro-organism extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fungi are primarily found in the human body and do not exist in environmental sources.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PPE stand for in the context of infection control?

    <p>Personal Protective Equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as any breaches in skin integrity that could be a portal of entry for microorganisms to colonize the patient?

    <p>Key sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aseptic Non-Touch Technique (ANTT) aims to increase the presence of microorganisms during procedures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'asepsis' refer to?

    <p>Free from infection or infectious material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ technique is the safest way to protect a key part or key site from contamination.

    <p>Non-Touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Key parts = Equipment that contacts the patient or procedural items Aseptic technique = Method to prevent pathogens during procedures Sterile = Free from microorganisms Clean = Free from dirt, marks, or stains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standard is aligned with the principles of ANTT to prevent healthcare-associated infections?

    <p>NSQHS Standard 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The terms 'aseptic' and 'sterile' mean the same thing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two examples of key parts in a healthcare setting.

    <p>IV cannula bungs and needle tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infection Control Overview

    • Infection occurs when microorganisms invade the body, leading to disease and ill health.
    • Major types of microorganisms causing infections include viruses, bacteria, and fungi.

    Chain of Infection

    • Infection requires four key steps: entry of microorganism, growth and multiplication, and a response leading to signs and symptoms.
    • Breaking the chain of infection involves interrupting one or more components of the cycle.

    Infection Precautions

    • Standard Precautions (Tier 1): Used universally for all patients; assumes all individuals could transmit infections.
    • Transmission Based Precautions (Tier 2): Used when standard precautions are insufficient, categorized into:
      • Contact Precautions: For infections spread through direct contact (e.g., MRSA).
      • Droplet Precautions: For infections transmitted by large droplet particles (e.g., influenza).
      • Airborne Precautions: For infections spread via air (e.g., tuberculosis).

    Hand Hygiene Importance

    • Hand hygiene is a pivotal practice in preventing infection; should be performed at five critical moments:
      • Before patient contact
      • Before procedures
      • After potential exposure
      • After patient contact
      • After exposure to surroundings
    • Recommended handwashing duration: 40-60 seconds for routine, 1 minute for aseptic, and 5 minutes for surgical washing.

    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

    • Gloves: Protect against infectious agents, with sterile gloves used for aseptic procedures.
    • Gowns: Worn to prevent contamination of clothing from bodily fluids.
    • Masks and Eyewear: Protect mucous membranes; must be changed when damp.

    Aseptic Technique

    • Non-Touch Technique (ANTT) minimizes microorganism exposure during procedures.
    • Aseptic technique is essential for maintaining cleanliness and preventing infection at key sites.

    Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention

    • Robust infection practices include hand hygiene, PPE use, equipment handling, and cleaning protocols.
    • The Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care outlines standards for infection prevention.

    Summary of Infection Types

    • Viruses: Smallest microorganisms requiring a living host (e.g., cold, hepatitis).
    • Bacteria: Common infections categorized by shape (cocci, bacilli, etc.).
    • Fungi: Includes plant-like organisms such as molds and yeast (e.g., athlete's foot).

    Significance of Cleaning and Disinfection

    • Frequent cleaning and proper waste disposal are vital in maintaining a safe healthcare environment.
    • Follow appropriate protocols for the disposal of sharps and handling of patient care items.

    Additional Considerations

    • Transmission-based precautions emphasize additional measures based on specific infection routes.
    • Awareness of the infection control chain is essential for breaking the cycle of transmission in healthcare settings.

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    Related Documents

    Infection Control.pdf

    Description

    Test your knowledge on infection control practices essential for nursing in the HNB1102 Foundations in Nursing 1 course. This quiz covers key concepts, regulations, and protocols that nursing students need to understand to ensure patient safety and effective care.

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