Infection Control and Universal Precautions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which body fluid is the single most important source of HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens in the occupational setting?

  • Vaginal secretions
  • Blood (correct)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Semen

    • Which body fluids do universal precautions apply to?

  • Feces and nasal secretions
  • Semen and sputum
  • Tears and urine
  • Blood and vaginal secretions (correct)

    • Which body fluids have not been implicated in occupational transmission from patient to health-care worker?

  • Cerebrospinal fluid and pleural fluid
  • Urine and vomitus
  • Nasal secretions and sputum
  • B & C (correct)

    • Which body fluid has been implicated in perinatal transmission of HIV?

    <p>Breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do universal precautions apply to saliva?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of protective barriers for universal precautions?

    <p>Gloves, gowns, masks, and goggles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body fluids are included in universal precautions? Except

    <p>Feces, nasal secretions, and urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Are gloves effective in preventing penetrating injuries due to needles or other sharp instruments?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended infection control practice for dentistry?

    <p>Use of gloves for oral examinations and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do universal precautions replace recommendations for routine infection control?

    <p>No</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a guideline for minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission of bloodborne pathogens?

    <p>Recap used needles by hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should healthcare workers do when handling sharp instruments after procedures?

    <p>Dispose of the instruments in puncture-resistant containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions should healthcare workers avoid when dealing with used needles?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should puncture-resistant containers for used needles be located?

    <p>As close to the use area as is practical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should healthcare workers use as protective barriers to prevent exposure to blood and other fluids?

    <p>Disposable gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should healthcare workers wash their hands and other contaminated skin surfaces?

    <p>Before and after using sharp instruments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do transmission-based precautions (TBP) add to standard precautions (SP)?

    <p>Additional controls to interrupt transmission routes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who do universal precautions apply to?

    <p>All patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of following general guidelines for minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission?

    <p>To prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization introduced the concept of universal precautions in 1986?

    <p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of universal precautions?

    <p>To prevent parenteral, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin exposures of health-care workers to bloodborne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) bloodborne pathogen standard to refer to universal precautions?

    <p>Universal Precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When were blood and body fluid precautions extended to all patients, regardless of their bloodborne infection status?

    <p>1987</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are included in the concept of universal precautions?

    <p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the CDC document entitled 'Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals' recommend in relation to blood and body fluid precautions?

    <p>Blood and body fluid precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with bloodborne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization published the document entitled 'Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings' in 1987?

    <p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) bloodborne pathogen standard to refer to universal precautions?

    <p>Universal Precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of universal precautions?

    <p>To prevent parenteral, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin exposures of health-care workers to bloodborne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the body fluids with the application of universal precautions:

    <p>Blood = Applies Saliva = Does not apply Semen = Applies Sweat = Does not apply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following occupational exposures with their potential risk of transmission:

    <p>Blood = HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens Semen and vaginal secretions = Implicated in sexual transmission, not in occupational transmission Breast milk = Implicated in perinatal transmission, not in occupational transmission Saliva = Minute risk for HIV and HBV transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following protective barriers with their role in universal precautions:

    <p>Gloves = Reduce contamination of hands, not prevent penetrating injuries Masks = Reduce contamination of mucous membranes of mouth and nose Protective eyewear or face shields = Reduce contamination of mucous membranes of eyes Gowns = Reduce risk of exposure to potentially infective materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following body fluids with their implication in HIV and HBV transmission:

    <p>Blood = Most important source in occupational setting Semen and vaginal secretions = Implicated in sexual transmission, not occupational Breast milk = Implicated in perinatal transmission, not occupational Saliva = Minimal risk, if any, for salivary transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following documents with their respective authors or topics:

    <p>Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals = CDC Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings = CDC Universal Precautions = OSHA's bloodborne pathogen standard Blood and Body Fluid Precautions = Section in a CDC document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Universal Precautions = Approach to infection control treating all human blood and certain body fluids as potentially infectious Blood and Body Fluid Precautions = Precautions called for when a patient was known or suspected to be infected with bloodborne pathogens Universal Blood and Body Fluid Precautions = Extension of blood and body fluid precautions to all patients regardless of their infection status Standard Precautions = Expanded scope of universal precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following years with their significant events in the history of infection control:

    <p>1986 = Introduction of universal precautions document by CDC 1983 = Publication of 'Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals' by CDC 1987 = Publication of 'Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings' by CDC After 1986 = Universal precautions expanded in scope and referred to as standard precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following guidelines to their corresponding purpose in minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission:

    <p>Preventing injuries when using needles, scalpels, and other sharp instruments = Prevents direct exposure to bloodborne pathogens Not recapping used needles by hand = Avoids accidental pricks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens Locating puncture-resistant containers close to the use area = Ensures safe and immediate disposal of used needles and syringes Using protective barriers during procedures = Prevents exposure to blood and other body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following precautions with their corresponding description:

    <p>Universal precautions = Applicable to all patients and involves measures like using protective barriers Standard precautions = Provides an additional layer of protection and is used for patients at higher risk of transmitting certain infections Transmission-based precautions (TBP) = Augments standard precautions with additional controls to interrupt the route(s) of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following actions to their corresponding effect in infection control:

    <p>Thoroughly washing hands and other skin surfaces = Removes contaminants and reduces risk of transmission Not removing used needles from disposable syringes by hand = Prevents accidental pricks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens Using appropriate protective barriers for the procedure = Minimizes exposure to infectious materials Not bending, breaking, or otherwise manipulating used needles by hand = Avoids accidental pricks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Universal precautions and standard precautions are the same thing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Standard precautions provide an additional layer of protection for high-risk patients.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Universal precautions are only intended to prevent parenteral exposures of healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The CDC introduced the concept of universal precautions in 1986.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Universal precautions include all human blood and certain body fluids as potentially infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Universal precautions apply to all body fluids, including saliva.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Occupational transmission of HIV and HBV to healthcare workers by blood is documented.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gloves can prevent penetrating injuries due to needles or other sharp instruments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human breast milk has been implicated in the transmission of HIV and HBV to healthcare workers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Body Fluids and Universal Precautions

    • Blood is the single most important source of HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens in the occupational setting.
    • Universal precautions apply to all human blood and certain body fluids, including semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, and peritoneal fluid.
    • Universal precautions do not apply to saliva, sweat, and tears.
    • Breast milk has been implicated in the transmission of HIV and HBV to healthcare workers.

    Protective Barriers and Infection Control

    • Examples of protective barriers for universal precautions include gloves, masks, and gowns.
    • Gloves are not effective in preventing penetrating injuries due to needles or other sharp instruments.
    • Recommended infection control practice for dentistry involves using universal precautions.
    • Universal precautions do not replace recommendations for routine infection control.

    Nosocomial Transmission and Precautions

    • The purpose of following general guidelines for minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission is to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens from patient to healthcare worker.
    • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) introduced the concept of universal precautions in 1986.
    • The main purpose of universal precautions is to minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
    • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) uses the term "engineering and work practice controls" to refer to universal precautions.
    • Blood and body fluid precautions were extended to all patients, regardless of their bloodborne infection status, in 1987.
    • Universal precautions apply to all healthcare workers, regardless of their job function or position.

    Transmission-Based Precautions and Standard Precautions

    • Transmission-based precautions (TBP) add to standard precautions (SP) by providing additional precautions for patients with documented or suspected infections.
    • Universal precautions and standard precautions are not the same thing; standard precautions provide a basic level of precautions for all patients, while universal precautions provide an additional layer of protection for high-risk patients.

    Infection Control and Occupational Exposures

    • Healthcare workers should handle sharp instruments with care and avoid recapping or bending needles after procedures.
    • Puncture-resistant containers for used needles should be located in areas where needles are used and should be easily accessible to healthcare workers.
    • Healthcare workers should wash their hands and other contaminated skin surfaces immediately after removing gloves or other protective equipment.
    • Healthcare workers should avoid touching their face or other mucous membranes with contaminated gloves or hands.

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    6 Lec - Infection control utilities including universal precautions.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of infection control utilities and universal precautions in this quiz. Learn about the concept of universal precautions and how to approach infection control. Understand the importance of treating all human blood and certain body fluids as potentially infectious for diseases like HIV and hepatitis. Challenge yourself with questions based on CDC guidelines and enhance your understanding of infection prevention.

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