Infection Control and Universal Precautions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which body fluid is the single most important source of HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens in the occupational setting?

  • Vaginal secretions
  • Blood (correct)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Semen

Which body fluids do universal precautions apply to?

  • Feces and nasal secretions
  • Semen and sputum
  • Tears and urine
  • Blood and vaginal secretions (correct)

Which body fluids have not been implicated in occupational transmission from patient to health-care worker?

  • Cerebrospinal fluid and pleural fluid
  • Urine and vomitus
  • Nasal secretions and sputum
  • B & C (correct)

Which body fluid has been implicated in perinatal transmission of HIV?

<p>Breast milk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do universal precautions apply to saliva?

<p>No (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of protective barriers for universal precautions?

<p>Gloves, gowns, masks, and goggles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body fluids are included in universal precautions? Except

<p>Feces, nasal secretions, and urine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are gloves effective in preventing penetrating injuries due to needles or other sharp instruments?

<p>No (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended infection control practice for dentistry?

<p>Use of gloves for oral examinations and treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do universal precautions replace recommendations for routine infection control?

<p>No (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission of bloodborne pathogens?

<p>Recap used needles by hand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare workers do when handling sharp instruments after procedures?

<p>Dispose of the instruments in puncture-resistant containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions should healthcare workers avoid when dealing with used needles?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should puncture-resistant containers for used needles be located?

<p>As close to the use area as is practical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare workers use as protective barriers to prevent exposure to blood and other fluids?

<p>Disposable gloves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should healthcare workers wash their hands and other contaminated skin surfaces?

<p>Before and after using sharp instruments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do transmission-based precautions (TBP) add to standard precautions (SP)?

<p>Additional controls to interrupt transmission routes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who do universal precautions apply to?

<p>All patients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of following general guidelines for minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission?

<p>To prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization introduced the concept of universal precautions in 1986?

<p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of universal precautions?

<p>To prevent parenteral, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin exposures of health-care workers to bloodborne pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) bloodborne pathogen standard to refer to universal precautions?

<p>Universal Precautions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When were blood and body fluid precautions extended to all patients, regardless of their bloodborne infection status?

<p>1987 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viruses are included in the concept of universal precautions?

<p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the CDC document entitled 'Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals' recommend in relation to blood and body fluid precautions?

<p>Blood and body fluid precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected with bloodborne pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization published the document entitled 'Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings' in 1987?

<p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) bloodborne pathogen standard to refer to universal precautions?

<p>Universal Precautions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of universal precautions?

<p>To prevent parenteral, mucous membrane, and nonintact skin exposures of health-care workers to bloodborne pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the body fluids with the application of universal precautions:

<p>Blood = Applies Saliva = Does not apply Semen = Applies Sweat = Does not apply</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following occupational exposures with their potential risk of transmission:

<p>Blood = HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens Semen and vaginal secretions = Implicated in sexual transmission, not in occupational transmission Breast milk = Implicated in perinatal transmission, not in occupational transmission Saliva = Minute risk for HIV and HBV transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following protective barriers with their role in universal precautions:

<p>Gloves = Reduce contamination of hands, not prevent penetrating injuries Masks = Reduce contamination of mucous membranes of mouth and nose Protective eyewear or face shields = Reduce contamination of mucous membranes of eyes Gowns = Reduce risk of exposure to potentially infective materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following body fluids with their implication in HIV and HBV transmission:

<p>Blood = Most important source in occupational setting Semen and vaginal secretions = Implicated in sexual transmission, not occupational Breast milk = Implicated in perinatal transmission, not occupational Saliva = Minimal risk, if any, for salivary transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following documents with their respective authors or topics:

<p>Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals = CDC Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings = CDC Universal Precautions = OSHA's bloodborne pathogen standard Blood and Body Fluid Precautions = Section in a CDC document</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Universal Precautions = Approach to infection control treating all human blood and certain body fluids as potentially infectious Blood and Body Fluid Precautions = Precautions called for when a patient was known or suspected to be infected with bloodborne pathogens Universal Blood and Body Fluid Precautions = Extension of blood and body fluid precautions to all patients regardless of their infection status Standard Precautions = Expanded scope of universal precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following years with their significant events in the history of infection control:

<p>1986 = Introduction of universal precautions document by CDC 1983 = Publication of 'Guideline for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals' by CDC 1987 = Publication of 'Recommendations for Prevention of HIV Transmission in Health-Care Settings' by CDC After 1986 = Universal precautions expanded in scope and referred to as standard precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following guidelines to their corresponding purpose in minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission:

<p>Preventing injuries when using needles, scalpels, and other sharp instruments = Prevents direct exposure to bloodborne pathogens Not recapping used needles by hand = Avoids accidental pricks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens Locating puncture-resistant containers close to the use area = Ensures safe and immediate disposal of used needles and syringes Using protective barriers during procedures = Prevents exposure to blood and other body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following precautions with their corresponding description:

<p>Universal precautions = Applicable to all patients and involves measures like using protective barriers Standard precautions = Provides an additional layer of protection and is used for patients at higher risk of transmitting certain infections Transmission-based precautions (TBP) = Augments standard precautions with additional controls to interrupt the route(s) of transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following actions to their corresponding effect in infection control:

<p>Thoroughly washing hands and other skin surfaces = Removes contaminants and reduces risk of transmission Not removing used needles from disposable syringes by hand = Prevents accidental pricks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens Using appropriate protective barriers for the procedure = Minimizes exposure to infectious materials Not bending, breaking, or otherwise manipulating used needles by hand = Avoids accidental pricks and potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

Universal precautions and standard precautions are the same thing.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Standard precautions provide an additional layer of protection for high-risk patients.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Universal precautions are only intended to prevent parenteral exposures of healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The CDC introduced the concept of universal precautions in 1986.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Universal precautions include all human blood and certain body fluids as potentially infectious for HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Universal precautions apply to all body fluids, including saliva.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occupational transmission of HIV and HBV to healthcare workers by blood is documented.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gloves can prevent penetrating injuries due to needles or other sharp instruments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human breast milk has been implicated in the transmission of HIV and HBV to healthcare workers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Body Fluids and Universal Precautions

  • Blood is the single most important source of HIV, HBV, and other bloodborne pathogens in the occupational setting.
  • Universal precautions apply to all human blood and certain body fluids, including semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, and peritoneal fluid.
  • Universal precautions do not apply to saliva, sweat, and tears.
  • Breast milk has been implicated in the transmission of HIV and HBV to healthcare workers.

Protective Barriers and Infection Control

  • Examples of protective barriers for universal precautions include gloves, masks, and gowns.
  • Gloves are not effective in preventing penetrating injuries due to needles or other sharp instruments.
  • Recommended infection control practice for dentistry involves using universal precautions.
  • Universal precautions do not replace recommendations for routine infection control.

Nosocomial Transmission and Precautions

  • The purpose of following general guidelines for minimizing the risk of nosocomial transmission is to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens from patient to healthcare worker.
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) introduced the concept of universal precautions in 1986.
  • The main purpose of universal precautions is to minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission of bloodborne pathogens.
  • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) uses the term "engineering and work practice controls" to refer to universal precautions.
  • Blood and body fluid precautions were extended to all patients, regardless of their bloodborne infection status, in 1987.
  • Universal precautions apply to all healthcare workers, regardless of their job function or position.

Transmission-Based Precautions and Standard Precautions

  • Transmission-based precautions (TBP) add to standard precautions (SP) by providing additional precautions for patients with documented or suspected infections.
  • Universal precautions and standard precautions are not the same thing; standard precautions provide a basic level of precautions for all patients, while universal precautions provide an additional layer of protection for high-risk patients.

Infection Control and Occupational Exposures

  • Healthcare workers should handle sharp instruments with care and avoid recapping or bending needles after procedures.
  • Puncture-resistant containers for used needles should be located in areas where needles are used and should be easily accessible to healthcare workers.
  • Healthcare workers should wash their hands and other contaminated skin surfaces immediately after removing gloves or other protective equipment.
  • Healthcare workers should avoid touching their face or other mucous membranes with contaminated gloves or hands.

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