Infection Control and Aseptic Precautions
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Questions and Answers

What is the goal of Surgical Asepsis?

  • To eliminate disease-causing microorganisms
  • To confine the spread of microorganisms
  • To keep an area or object free from all microorganisms (correct)
  • To reduce the growth of microorganisms

    • What is the primary focus of Medical Asepsis?

  • Reducing the growth of microorganisms (correct)
  • Destroying all microorganisms and spores
  • Eliminating microorganisms
  • Confining the spread of microorganisms

    • What is the term for the state of being free from disease-causing microorganisms?

  • Surgical Asepsis
  • Clean Technique
  • Asepsis (correct)
  • Sterile Technique

    • What is the purpose of using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

    <p>To protect the healthcare practitioner and client from infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for practices that destroy all microorganisms and spores?

    <p>Aseptic Technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rule followed in Medical Asepsis?

    <p>Clean to Clean Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of repositioning a client who cannot move independently?

    <p>To prevent pressure ulcers and maintain skin integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed during the nursing process to determine specific restrictions regarding client positioning?

    <p>The client's physician's order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a expected outcome of repositioning a client?

    <p>The client will maintain skin integrity without skin burns, pressure areas or ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should a client who cannot move independently be repositioned?

    <p>Every 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when positioning a client?

    <p>Placing one body part, particularly one with bony prominences, directly on top of another body part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential diagnosis for a client who is immobile?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse do before repositioning the client?

    <p>Explain the procedure to the client and encourage questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using pillows or foam wedges in repositioning a client?

    <p>To maintain body alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the position where the head and trunk are raised 45° to 60° relative to the bed?

    <p>Fowler's Position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse instruct the Nurse Attendant to do while delegating a task?

    <p>Provide information regarding the patient's individual needs for body alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using gloves when repositioning a client?

    <p>To prevent infection transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of repositioning a client?

    <p>To provide comfort and prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of heat on blood viscosity?

    <p>Decreases blood viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for heat application?

    <p>The first 24 hours after injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum vasoconstriction temperature for cold application?

    <p>15°C (60°F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolonged exposure to cold?

    <p>Reflex vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nursing consideration for heat application?

    <p>Check the doctor's order for specific instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite of heat application in terms of physiological effects?

    <p>Cold application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of attending to the client's elimination needs?

    <p>To promote safety and hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the nursing process when assisting with bedpan and urinal?

    <p>Check for doctor's order for any specific instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential diagnosis for a client who has difficulty voiding and defecating?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nurse's role in promoting the client's privacy and comfort?

    <p>To ensure the client's privacy and comfort as allowable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of the nursing process when assisting with bedpan and urinal?

    <p>The client will be able to void and defecate when necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of altered elimination patterns?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Positioning and Repositioning

    • Ensure the mattress is firm and level to support natural body curvature
    • Place support devices in specified areas according to the client's position
    • Avoid placing one body part, particularly one with bony prominences, directly on top of another body part
    • Plan a systematic 24-hour schedule of position change
    • Clients who cannot move independently must be repositioned every 2 hours

    Assessment

    • Assess the client's ability to move independently
    • Assess the client's flexibility
    • Assess the client's age, medical diagnosis, cognitive status, skin integrity, nutritional status, continence, and altered sensation
    • Assess the overall condition of the musculoskeletal system
    • Assess the client's physician's order for specific restrictions regarding client positioning

    Diagnosis

    • Impaired Physical Mobility
    • Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
    • Activity Intolerance
    • Acute Pain

    Planning

    • The client will maintain skin integrity without skin burns, pressure areas or ulcers
    • The client will maintain adequate circulation
    • The client will be comfortable as evidenced by verbal and nonverbal cues

    Implementation

    • Introduce self to client
    • Check client's identification band
    • Explain procedure before beginning
    • Wash hands
    • Gather equipment

    Delegation

    • Inform the Nurse Attendant of positioning restrictions
    • Designate specific times throughout the shift at which nurse attendant must reposition the patient
    • Provide information regarding the patient's individual needs for body alignment

    Turning of Patient to Various Positions

    • Fowler's Position: head and trunk raised 45° to 60° relative to the bed, with knees flexed or not
    • Semi-Fowlers position: head and trunk raised 15 to 45 degrees
    • High Fowler's position: head and trunk raised 60 to 90 degrees

    Aseptic Precautions

    • Asepsis: the state of being free from disease-causing microorganisms
    • Surgical Asepsis: practices that keep an area or object free from all microorganisms
    • Medical Asepsis: absence of disease-causing microorganisms, concerned with eliminating or reducing the number and growth of microorganisms

    Heat Application

    • Vasodilation: decreases blood viscosity, reduces inflammation, reduces muscle tension, and has a sedative effect
    • Indications: muscle spasm, inflammation, pain, contracture, joint stiffness, traumatic injury
    • Contraindications: first 24 hours after injury, active hemorrhage, localized malignant tumor, skin disorder, decreased sensation, impaired mental status, open wound

    Cold Application

    • Generally, the physiologic effect of cold is the opposite of heat application
    • Cold lowers the temperature of the skin and the underlying tissue and causes vasoconstriction
    • Classification: dry form (cold pack, ice bag/ice collar)

    Assisting with Bedpan/Urinal and Specimen Collection, Voiding, and Defecating

    • Attend to the client's needs with proper techniques to support and promote adequate rest, safety, hygiene, cleanliness, and integrity
    • Assess equipment, client, privacy, and unexpected interruptions

    Diagnosis

    • Constipation
    • Bowel Incontinence
    • Stress urinary Incontinence
    • Urge Urinary Incontinence
    • Urinary Retention
    • Toileting self-care deficit
    • Situational low self-esteem
    • Powerlessness
    • Altered Comport

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on infection control measures, including personal protective equipment, sharps safety, and aseptic techniques. Learn about the importance of maintaining a sterile environment and preventing the spread of disease-causing microorganisms.

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