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Questions and Answers
What is the minimum time recommended for washing hands for effective medical aseptic handwashing?
What is the minimum time recommended for washing hands for effective medical aseptic handwashing?
What is the primary goal of surgical asepsis?
What is the primary goal of surgical asepsis?
What is the proper procedure for disposing of tissues after coughing or sneezing?
What is the proper procedure for disposing of tissues after coughing or sneezing?
Why is it important to maintain a distance of 0.9 m (3 feet) from anyone who is coughing or sneezing?
Why is it important to maintain a distance of 0.9 m (3 feet) from anyone who is coughing or sneezing?
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What is the recommended action to take after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects or materials?
What is the recommended action to take after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects or materials?
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What is the purpose of antiseptic skin preparation prior to puncturing a patient's skin?
What is the purpose of antiseptic skin preparation prior to puncturing a patient's skin?
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What is the primary purpose of wearing gloves during phlebotomy procedures?
What is the primary purpose of wearing gloves during phlebotomy procedures?
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What is the primary focus of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's cough etiquette?
What is the primary focus of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's cough etiquette?
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What is the primary goal of medical asepsis?
What is the primary goal of medical asepsis?
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What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in phlebotomy?
What is the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection in phlebotomy?
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What type of infection is characterized by periods of remission and relapse?
What type of infection is characterized by periods of remission and relapse?
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What is an example of an opportunistic infection?
What is an example of an opportunistic infection?
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What is the most important component of handwashing in medical asepsis?
What is the most important component of handwashing in medical asepsis?
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What type of infection is characterized by sudden appearance of symptoms that worsen quickly?
What type of infection is characterized by sudden appearance of symptoms that worsen quickly?
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What is the role of medical asepsis in preventing the transmission of infections?
What is the role of medical asepsis in preventing the transmission of infections?
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What type of infection can be transmitted to others even when symptoms are not present?
What type of infection can be transmitted to others even when symptoms are not present?
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What is the initial step in the cycle of infection?
What is the initial step in the cycle of infection?
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What is the purpose of identifying the portal of exit?
What is the purpose of identifying the portal of exit?
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What is an example of a reservoir in a clinical setting?
What is an example of a reservoir in a clinical setting?
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What is the role of fomites in indirect transmission?
What is the role of fomites in indirect transmission?
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What is the goal of infection control?
What is the goal of infection control?
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What type of transmission occurs when there is contact with the infected person or body fluid carrying the pathogen?
What type of transmission occurs when there is contact with the infected person or body fluid carrying the pathogen?
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What is the term for objects that can harbor infectious agents?
What is the term for objects that can harbor infectious agents?
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What is the susceptible host in the cycle of infection?
What is the susceptible host in the cycle of infection?
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What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?
What is the most effective way to break the chain of infection?
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What is the primary purpose of standard precautions?
What is the primary purpose of standard precautions?
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Which type of precautions requires wearing a respiratory protection (mask, N95 respirator)?
Which type of precautions requires wearing a respiratory protection (mask, N95 respirator)?
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What type of precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via droplets larger than 5 microns in diameter?
What type of precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via droplets larger than 5 microns in diameter?
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What is the primary purpose of contact precautions?
What is the primary purpose of contact precautions?
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When is the use of gloves and gowns required?
When is the use of gloves and gowns required?
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What is the first step in the infection cycle?
What is the first step in the infection cycle?
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What is the body's reaction to an injury or exposure to a pathogen?
What is the body's reaction to an injury or exposure to a pathogen?
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What is the first response of the body when pathogens invade?
What is the first response of the body when pathogens invade?
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What is the result of increased permeability of blood vessels during inflammation?
What is the result of increased permeability of blood vessels during inflammation?
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What is the purpose of chemotaxis during the inflammatory response?
What is the purpose of chemotaxis during the inflammatory response?
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What is the worst scenario if the infection is not contained locally?
What is the worst scenario if the infection is not contained locally?
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What is the result of phagocytosis during the inflammatory response?
What is the result of phagocytosis during the inflammatory response?
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What is the role of plasma in the inflammatory response?
What is the role of plasma in the inflammatory response?
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What is the purpose of the blood bringing clotting factors to the infected site?
What is the purpose of the blood bringing clotting factors to the infected site?
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What is the result of the inflammatory response if the infection is contained locally?
What is the result of the inflammatory response if the infection is contained locally?
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Phlebotomists typically use surgical asepsis techniques.
Phlebotomists typically use surgical asepsis techniques.
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Covering the nose and mouth during a sneeze can help reduce the chances of pathogen transmission.
Covering the nose and mouth during a sneeze can help reduce the chances of pathogen transmission.
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The primary goal of medical asepsis is to eliminate micro-organisms.
The primary goal of medical asepsis is to eliminate micro-organisms.
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Rinsing hands with fingers pointed upward is an effective medical aseptic handwashing technique.
Rinsing hands with fingers pointed upward is an effective medical aseptic handwashing technique.
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Alcohol-based rubs are acceptable for rapid sanitation when there is obvious soil on the skin.
Alcohol-based rubs are acceptable for rapid sanitation when there is obvious soil on the skin.
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Cough etiquette involves keeping anyone who is coughing or sneezing 1.8 m (6 feet) away from others.
Cough etiquette involves keeping anyone who is coughing or sneezing 1.8 m (6 feet) away from others.
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An opportunistic infection can only occur in people with a fully functional immune system.
An opportunistic infection can only occur in people with a fully functional immune system.
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Warm water and soap are the most important components of handwashing in medical asepsis.
Warm water and soap are the most important components of handwashing in medical asepsis.
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Latent infections always show symptoms and cannot be transmitted to others.
Latent infections always show symptoms and cannot be transmitted to others.
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Medical asepsis eliminates all pathogens from the hands.
Medical asepsis eliminates all pathogens from the hands.
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Acute infections are characterized by symptoms that last for long periods of time.
Acute infections are characterized by symptoms that last for long periods of time.
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Medical asepsis is only used in surgical procedures.
Medical asepsis is only used in surgical procedures.
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Standard precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via direct contact or contact with the environment.
Standard precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via direct contact or contact with the environment.
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The primary way to break the chain of infection is through effective hand hygiene.
The primary way to break the chain of infection is through effective hand hygiene.
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Airborne precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via droplets larger than 5 microns in diameter.
Airborne precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via droplets larger than 5 microns in diameter.
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The inflammatory response is the body's reaction to an injury or exposure to a pathogen.
The inflammatory response is the body's reaction to an injury or exposure to a pathogen.
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Droplet precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via direct contact or contact with the environment.
Droplet precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via direct contact or contact with the environment.
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If one of the links in the infection cycle is broken, the transmission continues.
If one of the links in the infection cycle is broken, the transmission continues.
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Contact precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via airborne transmission.
Contact precautions are required for patients who have infections that spread via airborne transmission.
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The presence of a susceptible host is the first step in the infection cycle.
The presence of a susceptible host is the first step in the infection cycle.
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Study Notes
Handwashing and Medical Asepsis
- Wash hands for at least 20 seconds, rinse with fingers pointed downward, and turn off the faucet with a paper towel for effective medical aseptic handwashing.
- Alcohol-based rubs are acceptable for rapid sanitation if there is no obvious soil on the skin and handwashing sinks are not readily available.
- Use gloves when there is any possibility of contact with body fluids.
- Clean and disinfect supplies to prevent the spread of micro-organisms.
Surgical Asepsis
- Surgical asepsis involves sterile gloves, supplies, and equipment; gowns; and drapes.
- Antiseptic skin preparation is mandatory with surgical aseptic technique prior to puncturing a patient's skin.
- Phlebotomists do not typically use surgical asepsis but need to know when to use medical vs. surgical aseptic techniques.
Cough Etiquette
- Cover the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing.
- Use facial tissues to contain respiratory secretions and dispose of them in the nearest waste receptacle.
- Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects or materials.
- Offer masks to anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
- Keep anyone who is coughing or sneezing 0.9 m (3 feet) away from others.
Types of Infections
- Acute infections: symptoms appear suddenly, and the body recovers within a few weeks with a well-functioning immune system and sometimes medical treatment. (Example: common cold)
- Chronic infections: linger, sometimes forever, and the person can transmit it to others. (Example: Hepatitis B)
- Latent infections: the person has periods of remission and relapse. (Example: herpes simplex)
- Opportunistic infections: occur when the person has a weak immune system, and micro-organisms that might not easily cause disease in a person with a fully functional immune system can result in serious infections. (Example: oral candidiasis in patients with AIDS)
Infection Cycle
- The infection cycle consists of six links: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
- Breaking any of these links can stop the transmission of infection.
Infection Control
- Standard precautions: apply to every patient, including using personal protective equipment (such as gloves) when handling body fluids, nonintact skin, or mucous membranes; practicing meticulous hand hygiene; and safely disposing of used equipment, needles, and other sharps.
- Airborne precautions: required for patients who have infections that spread via droplets that are smaller than 5 microns in diameter (e.g., varicella, tuberculosis, measles).
- Droplet precautions: required for patients who have infections that spread via droplets that are larger than 5 microns in diameter (e.g., rubella, meningitis, some respiratory infections).
- Contact precautions: required for patients who have infections that spread via direct contact or contact with the environment (e.g., herpes simplex, wound infections, some bacterial infections, scabies).
Stages of Infection
- Inflammatory response: the body's defense mechanism against infection, characterized by erythema, edema, pain, and heat.
- Inflammation: a series of protective mechanisms that defend the body against the invasion, involving histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins.
- Possible outcomes of infection: healing, spread to lymph nodes, or spread to the bloodstream, leading to septicemia.
Handwashing and Medical Asepsis
- Effective handwashing involves washing hands for at least 20 seconds, rinsing with fingers pointed downward, and turning off the faucet with a paper towel.
- Alcohol-based rubs are acceptable for rapid sanitation if there is no obvious soil on the skin and handwashing sinks are not readily available.
- Medical asepsis involves removing micro-organisms after they leave the body, with the goal of reducing their numbers and preventing transmission.
Surgical Asepsis
- Surgical asepsis is mandatory for invasive procedures and when there is a penetration of the patient's skin or mucous membranes.
- It involves the use of sterile gloves, supplies, and equipment; gowns; and drapes.
- Antiseptic skin preparation is mandatory with surgical aseptic technique prior to puncturing a patient's skin.
Cough Etiquette
- Cover the mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing.
- Use facial tissues to contain respiratory secretions and dispose of them in the nearest waste receptacle.
- Perform hand hygiene after contact with respiratory secretions and contaminated objects or materials.
- Offer masks to anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
- Keep anyone who is coughing or sneezing 0.9 m (3 feet) away from others.
Types of Infections
- Acute infections: symptoms appear suddenly, begin with initial cell damage, and worsen quickly.
- Chronic infections: linger, sometimes forever, and can be transmitted to others.
- Latent infections: periods of remission and relapse, with an example being herpes simplex.
- Opportunistic infections: occur in people with a weak immune system, with an example being oral candidiasis in patients with AIDS.
Infection Cycle
- The cycle of infection involves a pathogen, a reservoir, a portal of exit, a mode of transmission, a portal of entry, and a susceptible host.
- Breaking the cycle of infection can occur through effective hand hygiene.
Isolation Precautions
- Standard precautions apply to every patient and involve using personal protective equipment, practicing meticulous hand hygiene, and safely disposing of used equipment.
- Airborne precautions are required for patients with infections that spread via droplets smaller than 5 microns in diameter.
- Droplet precautions are required for patients with infections that spread via droplets larger than 5 microns in diameter.
- Contact precautions are required for patients with infections that spread via direct contact or contact with the environment.
Stages of Infection
- When a person has an injury or exposure to a pathogen, the body reacts by activating the inflammatory response.
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Description
Learn about the proper techniques for washing hands in a medical setting, including the use of alcohol-based rubs and proper sanitation methods. Quiz yourself on the importance of cleanliness and proper handwashing in preventing the spread of micro-organisms.
