Infant Social and Personality Development Chapter Overview

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What is the main focus in the trust vs. mistrust stage of social and personality development in infancy?

Forming a sense of autonomy

Developing language skills

Exploring the environment independently

Forging bonds of attachment (correct)

How does the impact of caregivers' responses shape infants' reactions in their emotional development?

It influences how infants react to different emotions (correct)

It has no effect on infants' emotional reactions

It reinforces infants' positive emotions only

It teaches infants to suppress their emotions

In the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, what is a key aspect of development that infants focus on?

Exploring and asserting their independence (correct)

Developing language skills

Forming secure attachments

Understanding complex emotions

How does personality development in infants differ from one baby to another?

It varies based on temperament and interactions with caregivers Signup and view all the answers

What concept does psychologist Erik Erikson believe is shaped by infants' early experiences?

Trust vs. Mistrust Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that differentiates one infant from another during early development?

Attachment style to caregivers Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the differences among infants?

Overall Personality and Temperament Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome of experiencing consistent caregiver responsiveness in infancy?

Formation of secure attachment bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the sum total of the enduring characteristics that differentiate one individual from another?

Personality Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development theory focuses on trust vs. mistrust?

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Signup and view all the answers

From what stage of development do infants begin to show unique, stable traits and behaviors as mentioned in the text?

Birth Onward Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a significant role in shaping infants' personality development according to the text?

Caregivers' Influence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Erik Erikson's trust-versus-mistrust stage?

Shaping personality through infancy experiences Signup and view all the answers

How do children feel when they are overly protected and restricted according to the text?

Shame, self-doubt, and unhappiness Signup and view all the answers

What does Sarah's extreme calmness compared to her brother Josh reflect?

Differences in temperament Signup and view all the answers

What is viewed as providing the raw material of personality during infancy?

Genetic determinants Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage focuses on developing a sense of trust or mistrust in infants?

Trust-versus-mistrust stage Signup and view all the answers

How do other developmentalists differ from Erik Erikson in their approach to personality development in infants?

Viewing consistencies of behavior as genetically determined Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the limbic system starting to work in tandem with the frontal lobes in infants' emotional development?

It allows for a wider range of emotions in infants as they develop. Signup and view all the answers

At what age do structures of the limbic system start to grow in infants, contributing to their emotional reactions?

9 or 10 months Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cerebral cortex play in infants' differentiation of emotions?

It becomes operative in the first 3 months and aids in emotional differentiation. Signup and view all the answers

How do infants typically react to stimuli that please them at 6 to 9 weeks?

They reliably begin to smile at pleasing stimuli like toys and mobiles. Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of caregivers on infants' emotional development according to the text?

Caregivers play a crucial role in shaping infants' emotional life. Signup and view all the answers

What milestone marks the beginning of a wider variety of emotions expressed by children as they develop?

6 to 9 weeks when babies start smiling at stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage?

Building strong relationships with caregivers Signup and view all the answers

How does the development of trust in infancy impact later personality development?

Leads to a confident and secure personality Signup and view all the answers

During the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, infants are learning to:

Assert their independence and control Signup and view all the answers

How do caregivers influence the development of autonomy in infants?

Through providing consistent support and encouragement Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes an infant's personality according to the text?

Individual differences in temperament and behavior Signup and view all the answers

In the context of personality development, what role does attachment play in infancy?

It affects a person's future social competence Signup and view all the answers