Infant Development: Basic Emotions and Social Behavior
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Questions and Answers

According to Freud's theory, what could happen if an individual fails to progress through a stage of development?

  • The libido becomes fixated at that stage (correct)
  • The libido is redirected to another stage
  • The development process halts
  • The libido loses energy

    • How does Erikson differ from Freud in his approach to development?

  • Erikson's theory ignores the impact of early childhood experiences
  • Erikson focuses on social interaction and conflicts throughout life (correct)
  • Erikson's theory has fewer developmental stages than Freud's
  • Erikson emphasizes the role of unconscious desires

    • What is a key principle of behaviorism in child development according to Pavlov, Watson, and Skinner?

  • Environmental factors have no impact on behavior
  • Development results from internal cognitive processes
  • Psychology should focus on observable behaviors (correct)
  • Behavior is primarily influenced by genetic factors

    • Which type of learning is associated with Ivan Pavlov according to the text?

    <p>Classical conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a neutral stimulus?

    <p>A stimulus that doesn't initially trigger a response on its own</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Skinner, what is an unconditioned response?

    <p>A response that occurs without thought when an unconditioned stimulus is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Bowlby suggest early relationships with caregivers impact child development?

    <p>They play a major role in child development and into adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Jean Piaget's cognitive theory focus on?

    <p>The development of a person's thought processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage of cognitive development, according to Piaget, does a child use logical operations or principles when solving problems?

    <p>Concrete operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do children under age 7 intuitively assume that a volume of liquid increases when poured from a short, wide container into a taller, thinner one?

    <p>Because they judge based on the height of liquid, not its volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage in Piaget's theory do children typically misjudge the quantity of liquid in containers based on their height?

    <p>Preoperation stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of children in the formal operations stage, according to Piaget's theory?

    <p>Dependence on logical operations or principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the repetition of vowel sounds by infants, typically starting at 6-8 weeks?

    <p>Cooing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which play type involves a child playing alone even when in the presence of other children?

    <p>Solitary Play</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parenting style enforces rigid rules and demands strict obedience to authority?

    <p>Authoritarian Parents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does early childhood growth become less explosive and rapid compared to infancy?

    <p>2-6/7 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the child saying one word at a time?

    <p>Single-Word Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Want cookie' is an example of which type of speech according to the text?

    <p>Telegraphic Speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

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