Infant Development
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Questions and Answers

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which level of the environment has the most influence on an individual's development?

  • Macrosystem
  • Mesosystem
  • Microsystem (correct)
  • Exosystem

    • Which of the following is an example of the exosystem in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?

  • Parent's job (correct)
  • Home
  • School
  • Day-care

    • Which domain of human development involves personality, social relationships, and identity?

  • Physical
  • Psychosocial (correct)
  • Cognitive
  • Emotional

    • Which research/scientific method involves observing a culture or a particular social group over a period of years?

    <p>Ethnography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Erikson's theory focuses on children developing a sense of personal control and autonomy?

    <p>Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Erikson's theory occurs during the preschool years and involves children asserting their power and control over the world?

    <p>Initiative vs Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Erikson's theory occurs during adolescence and involves exploring personal relationships and developing a sense of self?

    <p>Identity vs Role Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Erikson's theory occurs during adulthood and focuses on building a career and family, and feeling productive and involved in the world?

    <p>Generativity vs Stagnation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erik Erikson's theory, what is ego identity?

    <p>The conscious sense of self that develops through social interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many stages of development are there in Erik Erikson's theory?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first psychosocial stage in Erik Erikson's theory?

    <p>Trust vs. Mistrust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the second psychosocial stage in Erik Erikson's theory?

    <p>Developing a sense of autonomy and independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development do infants begin to look for hidden objects?

    <p>Sensorimotor stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the pre-operational stage according to Piaget?

    <p>Egocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the concrete operations stage according to Piaget?

    <p>Logical thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the formal operations stage according to Piaget?

    <p>Logical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you study development?

    <p>To make you a professional advocate for the needs and rights of people of all ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of lifespan development?

    <p>Nature vs Nurture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can change in lifespan development be both quantitative and qualitative?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a stage of lifespan development?

    <p>Adolescence (11-20 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the 8th stage of development?

    <p>Integrity vs Despair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the strengths of Erikson's psychosocial theory?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two behavioral learning theories?

    <p>Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Piaget's cognitive stages of development?

    <p>Sensory-Motor Stage, Pre-Operational Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, Formal Operational Stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of formal operational thought allows adolescents to come up with a general theory of all possible factors that might affect the outcome?

    <p>Hypothetic-deductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second important characteristic of formal operational thought?

    <p>Propositional nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the information processing theory?

    <p>A cognitive approach to understanding how the human mind transforms sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the information processing theory consider the human mind as?

    <p>A symbol-manipulating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metacognition refer to?

    <p>Thinking about thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age-related development in cognition referred to in the information processing theory?

    <p>Increased efficiency and comprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory

    • The microsystem has the most influence on an individual's development.
    • An example of the exosystem is a parent's workplace affecting their child's development at home.

    Human Development

    • The psychosocial domain involves personality, social relationships, and identity.

    Research Methods

    • Longitudinal research involves observing a culture or social group over a period of years.

    Erikson's Psychosocial Theory

    • The second stage, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, focuses on children developing a sense of personal control and autonomy.
    • The third stage, initiative vs. guilt, occurs during the preschool years and involves children asserting their power and control over the world.
    • The fifth stage, identity vs. role confusion, occurs during adolescence and involves exploring personal relationships and developing a sense of self.
    • The seventh stage, generativity vs. stagnation, occurs during adulthood and focuses on building a career and family, and feeling productive and involved in the world.
    • Ego identity is the ability to integrate childhood experiences into a coherent sense of self.
    • There are eight stages of development in Erikson's theory.
    • The first psychosocial stage is trust vs. mistrust.
    • The second psychosocial stage focuses on autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
    • Infants begin to look for hidden objects during the sensorimotor stage.

    Piaget's Cognitive Stages

    • A characteristic of the pre-operational stage is egocentrism, where children have difficulty taking other people's perspectives.
    • A characteristic of the concrete operations stage is the ability to think logically about concrete objects and events.
    • A characteristic of the formal operations stage is the ability to reason abstractly and consider multiple possibilities.

    Lifespan Development

    • Studying development helps us understand human changes and adaptations across the lifespan.
    • A characteristic of lifespan development is that it is lifelong, multidirectional, and influenced by multiple factors.
    • Change in lifespan development can be both quantitative (incremental) and qualitative ( Fundamental).
    • One stage of lifespan development is adolescence.

    Erikson's Psychosocial Theory (continued)

    • The eighth stage of development is integrity vs. despair.
    • Strengths of Erikson's psychosocial theory include its focus on social and emotional development, and its emphasis on the role of culture and society.

    Behavioral Learning Theories

    • The two behavioral learning theories are classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

    Piaget's Cognitive Stages (continued)

    • Formal operational thought allows adolescents to consider multiple possibilities and think abstractly, and to come up with a general theory of all possible factors that might affect the outcome.
    • Another characteristic of formal operational thought is the ability to consider hypothetical situations.

    Information Processing Theory

    • The information processing theory considers the human mind as an information-processing system that takes in information, processes it, and produces an output.
    • Metacognition refers to the ability to think about and reflect on one's own mental processes.
    • The age-related development in cognition referred to in the information processing theory is the increasing ability to process information efficiently and effectively with age.

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    Description

    "Infant Development: Object Exploration and Understanding Cause and Effect" - Test your knowledge on how infants acquire information about the world through object exploration and develop simple concepts of cause and effect, time, and space. Learn about the importance of object exploration in an infant's development.

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