Infant and Language Development Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does longer looking time in infants indicate during observation?

Inability to focus on the stimulus

Confusion about the stimulus

More preference for the stimulus (correct)

Less interest in the stimulus

What is the purpose of the habituation technique in studying infants?

To encourage more active participation

To help infants become accustomed to stimuli (correct)

To assess cognitive abilities

To increase the complexity of the stimuli

During which age range does the critical period for language development occur?

2-13 years (correct)

3-10 years

0-2 years

0-5 years

What characterizes speech known as parentese or baby talk?

Higher pitch and over-annunciation Signup and view all the answers

What type of language ability is referred to as receptive language?

Understanding and following instructions Signup and view all the answers

Which brain area is associated with speech comprehension?

Wernicke's area Signup and view all the answers

What does expressive language refer to in terms of communication?

Expressing wants and needs through language Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage in Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development?

Sensorimotor Stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical period for visual activity development?

Birth to 7 years old Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of neural pruning involve?

Removing unnecessary connections between neurons Signup and view all the answers

At what age do most infants typically begin to sit without support?

6-8 months Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a newborn reflex?

Grasp reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which motor milestone is typically achieved last?

Walk alone Signup and view all the answers

What does the preferential looking technique assess?

Visual acuity in infants Signup and view all the answers

At what age do infants typically start to crawl?

7-10 months Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a motor milestone listed for infants?

Jump with both feet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the False Belief Task in child development?

To evaluate a child's understanding of false beliefs and perspectives. Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the development of the self-concept typically begin?

3-4 years Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurs in adolescence regarding social dynamics?

Greater reliance on peers for a sense of belonging and acceptance. Signup and view all the answers

How does the perception of time change as people age?

They view time as limited, focusing on meaningful experiences and goals. Signup and view all the answers

What elements typically comprise a person's self-concept?

Physical characteristics, social groups, and personality traits. Signup and view all the answers

At what age does object permanence typically develop?

By 9 months Signup and view all the answers

In which stage do children primarily think symbolically yet still lack logical reasoning?

Preoperational stage Signup and view all the answers

What developmental ability is primarily demonstrated by the A-not-B problem?

Understanding permanence Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive skill involves recognizing that different people can have varying feelings and beliefs?

Theory of mind Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT a feature of the concrete operational stage?

Ability to think critically about abstract ideas Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of development is marked by the ability to perform operations that can be undone?

Concrete operational stage Signup and view all the answers

At which stage can children engage in hypothesis testing?

Formal operational stage Signup and view all the answers

What does the conservation of quantity refer to in cognitive development?

Knowing that quantity remains constant despite changes in appearance Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality does neuroticism primarily relate to?

Emotional stability and reactivity Signup and view all the answers

In the study by De La Mare and Lee, which traits did participants show a preference for similarity?

Extraversion, agreeableness, and low neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2-RF?

To evaluate antisocial behavior, anxiety, and depression Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of projective tests in personality assessment?

They rely on interpreting ambiguous stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Which test uses unstructured inkblots to evaluate emotional responses?

Rorschach Ink Blot Test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about similarity-attraction effect is true?

People prefer partners who exhibit similar traits. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these Big Five traits did participants show a general preference for in partners?

Low neuroticism and high openness Signup and view all the answers

What is one major application of the Thematic Apperception Test?

To evaluate emotional responses and inner thoughts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infant Development

Examining an infant’s eye movements reveals what they focus on (longer looking time = more preference)
Habituation technique involves repeatedly presenting stimuli until the infant becomes accustomed to them and pays less attention
Language development critical period (2-13 years)
Parentese (baby talk): characterized by higher pitch, slower speech, and over-annunciation, used when talking to babies and children, babies show preference for parentese

Language Development

Receptive language: ability to understand language (follow instructions, answer comprehension questions)
Wernicke’s area: brain area in left temporal lobe responsible for speech comprehension
Expressive language: ability to express wants and needs through language (asking for something you want)
Broca’s area: brain area in left frontal lobe responsible for speech production and articulation
Theory of mind: ability to recognize that other people might have different feelings, beliefs, and experiences than we do, develops around 3-4 years of age
False Belief Task: Tests a child's ability to understand that another person can have a different belief or perspective than their own, the child is asked to attribute a “false belief” to a character based on their limited knowledge

Cognitive Development

Critical period: timeframe during which an organism must be exposed to specific stimuli for normal development to occur
Neural pruning: the process by which the brain removes unnecessary connections between neurons, or brain cells
Newborn reflexes: innate involuntary muscle response to stimulation (replaced over time with voluntary movements)

Motor Milestones

Raise head from ground (0-2 months)
Roll from back to front (3-5 months)
Sit with support (4-6 months)
Sit without support (6-8 months)
Stand holding something (7-12 months)
Crawl (7-10 months)
Pull to stand/cruise (9-12 months)
Walk with support (10-12 months)
Walk alone (12 months +)

Visual Development and Critical Period

Visual activity and the critical period: ability to distinguish between shapes, patterns and colours
Critical period: birth-7 years old
Preferential looking technique: used to assess visual acuity in infants and young children who are unable to identify pictures or letters, based on the idea that infants prefer to look at novel stimuli over familiar ones

Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years): infants learn through their senses and motor skills
Object permanence: understanding that objects exist even when not seen, develops by 9 months
A-not-B problem: children search for a hidden toy in the same place it was originally hidden, even after watching it get hidden in a new location
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years): children begin to think symbolically but continue to reason intuitively, without logic
Conservation of quantity: knowing that a quantity doesn't change if its appearance has been altered
Egocentrism: difficulty taking another’s viewpoint
Concrete Operational Stage (7-12 years): children think logically about real (concrete) objects
Formal Operational Stage (12+ years): ability to think critically and reason about abstract ideas

Adolescence

What changes in adolescence?: greater reliance on peers for sense of belonging and acceptance

Adulthood

As people age, they view time as limited and shift focus to meaningful events, experiences, and goals

Personality

Neuroticism: poor emotional stability, greater reactivity
Similarity-Attraction Effect : People like those similar to themselves
De La Mare and Lee: IV = traits portrayed in dating profiles (Big Five), DV = interest in partners with similar traits (matching vs. swiping left)
Results from De La Mare and Lee: matched on agreeableness, openness to experience, and extraversion, all P’s preferred low neuroticism
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2-RF: 338 T/F questions, most commonly used in clinical settings, assesses antisocial personality, anxiety, depression, interpersonal problems
Projective tests: personality test in which subjects are shown ambiguous images and asked to interpret them
Rorschach Ink Blot Test: personality determined based on response to unstructured inkblots
Thematic Apperception Test: a psychological assessment tool used to evaluate individuals' emotional responses and inner thoughts by analyzing their interpretations of ambiguous pictures

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Description

Test your knowledge on infant development and language acquisition. This quiz covers key concepts such as eye movements, critical periods, and areas of the brain involved in language processing. Explore how infants recognize different speech patterns and the implications for their developmental milestones.