Chapter 2 Industrial Water Treatment Processes
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of screening raw water at the intake?

  • To remove dissolved minerals and gases.
  • To adjust the pH of the incoming water.
  • To eliminate the need for chemical treatment.
  • To trap large objects and prevent them from entering the system. (correct)

Why is it important to monitor and treat cooling water systems, unlike other types of water systems?

  • To account for water loss due to evaporation. (correct)
  • To prevent the growth of algae and other organisms.
  • To maintain a constant temperature.
  • To ensure it remains sterile for equipment cooling.

What is the main purpose of clarification and filtration in a water treatment system?

  • To reduce turbidity by removing suspended solids (correct)
  • To sterilize the water for potable use
  • To adjust the pH of the water to a neutral level
  • To remove dissolved gases from the water

What is the role of aluminum sulfate or cationic polymers in the coagulation process?

<p>To provide a positive charge for the negatively charged colloids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which water system type undergoes filtration, clarification, and advanced treatment to remove dissolved gases?

<p>Boiler feed water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes potable water from other types of water used in industrial facilities?

<p>Potable water is treated to be safe for human consumption and hygiene. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between coagulation and flocculation in water treatment?

<p>Coagulation uses chemical additives to destabilize particles; flocculation involves the formation of larger clumps of solids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most important characteristic of service water?

<p>Absence of turbidity to prevent equipment damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides screening, what additional process is essential for producing service water?

<p>Clarification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of water is MOST commonly used for general washdown purposes in industrial facilities?

<p>Service water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which piece of equipment is typically used to safely introduce chlorine gas into water for disinfection purposes?

<p>An eductor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a clarifier in a water treatment system?

<p>To remove suspended materials by allowing them to settle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of water systems, what does the term 'colloid' generally refer to?

<p>Water that contains suspended solids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a PRIMARY responsibility of process technicians regarding firewater systems?

<p>Monitor pump discharge pressure and flow rate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is backflushing important in water treatment systems?

<p>It removes contaminants from filters and heat exchangers by reversing the normal flow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typically the final step in water treatment processes?

<p>Disinfection to kill remaining pathogens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is continuous monitoring and treatment of cooling water systems important for their efficient operation?

<p>Evaporation may cause contaminants in the cooling water to concentrate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as the FIRST line of defense in preventing marine life from entering a plant's water intake?

<p>Screens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cooling water systems in an industrial plant?

<p>To absorb heat from processes through evaporation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to monitor the composition of water in a treatment system?

<p>To ensure that it does not contain too many particles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the accumulated mixture of suspended solids that forms in pipes and equipment of a water system?

<p>Sludge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cooler weather, what operational adjustment might be made to a cooling water system, and why?

<p>Water may bypass the cooling towers to maintain a lower temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios represents an abnormal condition that a water treatment system might face?

<p>Heavy rain causing increased water volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key responsibility of process technicians regarding water treatment equipment?

<p>Monitoring equipment, numbers, and levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In water systems, if a technician observes a sudden, significant drop in pressure accompanied by unusual noises, what is the most likely cause?

<p>A pipe blowout or major leak in the system. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During heavy rainfall, what scenario would most likely lead to a disruption in the feed water supply to a plant?

<p>Submersion of low-lying raw water pumps, preventing water intake. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the concept of latent heat of evaporation, what adjustments might a process technician make to optimize the performance of a cooling tower on a hot, humid day?

<p>Increase the air flow rate while maintaining a constant water flow rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a technician observes a faint yellowish-green haze in the vicinity of chlorine storage, what immediate action should be taken, assuming appropriate PPE is available?

<p>Use a handheld gas detector to confirm the presence and concentration of chlorine gas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When monitoring clarifiers, what adjustments can a process technician proactively make based on visual inspection to optimize their functioning?

<p>Increase the settling time by slowing down the flow if the water appears excessively turbid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process technician notices an increase in pressure drop across a sand filter. What is the most appropriate first action they should take?

<p>Perform a backwash of the filter to remove accumulated solids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a cooling tower system, what adjustments might a technician make if the water temperature leaving the tower is consistently higher than the setpoint on a moderately humid day?

<p>Increase the airflow through the tower and check for scale buildup on the fill material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While inspecting a raw water intake screen, a technician identifies a large accumulation of debris and notes a reduced flow rate. What should be the technician's next step?

<p>Clean the screen to remove the debris and restore adequate flow. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Raw Water

Untreated water sources like lakes and rivers, containing impurities.

Service Water

Water free of solid particles, used for flushing, cleaning and heat removal.

Firewater

Screened water used in firefighting systems via hydrants and sprinklers.

Cooling Water

Water used to remove waste heat, requiring monitoring and treatment due to evaporation.

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Boiler Feed Water

Filtered, clarified, deionized water used in boilers to prevent scaling and corrosion.

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Potable Water

Water safe for drinking, cooking, and hygiene from municipal systems.

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Raw Water Intake Screening

Screens trap large debris, preventing entry into the water system intake.

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Clarification and Filtering

Process to remove turbidity (colloids) via coagulation and filtering.

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Clarifier

A vessel that removes suspended materials from a liquid, making it visually clear.

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Backflush

Reversing the normal flow to remove contaminants from filters or heat exchangers.

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Disinfection (Water Treatment)

The final step in water treatment, often using chlorine gas or solid.

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Cooling Water System

A system that absorbs heat from a process through evaporation.

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Control Diagram

Traditional patterns followed by a control system.

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Process Technician Responsibilities (Water Systems)

Monitoring equipment, numbers, and levels within a water system.

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Abnormal Water System Operations

Conditions such as heavy rain, power outages, or leaks that affect water systems.

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Influent

Water entering a treatment process.

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Turbidity

A measure of water cloudiness, indicating suspended solids.

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Coagulation

The process of particles clumping together

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Clarification

Process, in addition to screening, required to produce service water.

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Eductor

A device to introduce chlorine gas into water for disinfection.

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Sludge

Accumulation of suspended solids in pipes and equipment.

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Activation of a deluge system

Drop in water pressure.

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Controlled Variable

The most commonly controlled property in water systems.

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Heavy Rain Impact

Submerged raw water pumps may occur, reducing the feed water.

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Latent Heat of Evaporation

Sweating uses latent heat to cool the body.

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Clarifier Hazards

Technicians may encounter hazards such as chemical exposure, pipe blowout, and slippery surfaces.

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Poisonous Snakes

Snakes around clarifiers is possible.

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Post-Clarifier Filtration

Filters typically follow clarifiers in water treatment.

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Turbidity Treatment

Clarifying and filtering are the primary ways to treat it.

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Chlorine Gas Sign

A faint yellowish-green haze indicates a toxic chlorine gas.

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Study Notes

  • Water systems involve fundamental concepts that process technicians must understand.
  • Understanding system components, operating principles, instrumentation, control, and influencing factors is essential.
  • Technicians must understand safety, health, and environmental concerns related to water systems.

Water Sources and Types

  • Influent water sources include lakes and rivers.
  • Raw water requires treatment due to impurities.
  • Service water is free of turbidity and solid particles, used for flushing, cleaning, and heat removal.
  • Firewater is screened water used for firefighting and emergencies, supplied by tanks and hydrants.
  • Cooling water removes waste heat and requires monitoring due to evaporation.
  • Boiler feed water undergoes filtration, clarification, deionization, and gas removal and can act as a reactant or solvent.
  • Potable water is used for drinking, cooking, and hygiene, usually sourced from municipal systems.

System Components and Operations

  • Raw water intake screening uses screens to prevent entry of large objects and marine life.
  • Can be designed as firewater
  • Turbidity in water can create sludge.
  • Turbidity is reduced using clarification and filtering
  • Coagulation uses aluminum sulfate or cationic polymers to clump negative-charged colloids.
  • Flocculation involves larger clumps of solids settling.
  • Clarifiers are used to settle suspended materials.
  • Sand filters are used for further filtration.
  • Backflushing removes contaminants in filters and heat exchangers by reversing flow.
  • Disinfection, the last step in treatment, uses chlorine gas or solids.
  • Cooling water systems absorbs heat through evaporation.
  • Potable water must meet specific standards.

System Instrumentation and Control

  • Key variables include pressure, composition, and temperature.
  • Control diagrams follow traditional patterns.
  • During cooler weather, water may bypass cooling towers to control temperature.
  • Abnormal operations are affected by environmental and other conditions.

Abnormal Conditions

  • Abnormal conditions include heavy rain, power outages, drought, primary containment loss, extreme heat, chlorine leaks, and potable water contamination.

Process Technician Responsibilities

Responsibilities include:

  • Monitoring equipment, numbers, and levels.
  • Inspecting components and looking for foaming.
  • Cleaning screens.
  • Monitoring fire and raw water pumps.
  • Monitoring clarifiers and cooling towers.
  • Monitoring chlorine injection.
  • Reporting cold weather.

Safety, Health, and Environmental Concerns

  • Hazards include corrosive and toxic chemicals, natural disasters, dangerous wildlife, moving parts, and slippery sections.

Quiz Answers Summary

  • Cooling water systems require backflushing filters.
  • Turbidity describes cloudiness from suspended particles.
  • Clarification is needed with screening to produce service water.
  • Service water is used for wash downs.
  • An eductor introduces chlorine gas for disinfection.
  • Colloids are water that contains suspended solids.
  • Process technicians check firewater systems to ensure proper pump operation.
  • Cooling water requires monitoring because evaporation concentrates contaminants.
  • Screens prevent fish and marine life from entering water intakes.
  • Sludge describes the thick mixture formed by accumulated solids.
  • Activation of a deluge system causes water pressure drops in firewater systems.
  • Firewater is derived from screened raw water.
  • Moving parts are a hazard when cleaning screens.
  • Pressure is the most controlled variable in water systems.
  • Heavy rain can submerge low-lying raw water pumps, resulting in loss of feed water.
  • Sweating uses the concept of latent heat of evaporation.
  • Slippery surfaces are a hazard when working with clarifiers.
  • Monitoring raw water pumps may expose technicians to poisonous snakes.
  • A sand filter is used to clean water that has passed through a clarifier.
  • Technicians monitor clarifiers and ensure they work properly during service water tasks.
  • Clarifying and filtering are the primary means for treating turbidity.
  • Evaporative cooling principle is used to cool water in a cooling tower.
  • Service water systems need technicians to monitor clarifiers.
  • A faint yellowish-green haze indicates significant chlorine gas production.
  • Technicians must monitor pumps to ensure they function correctly with Firewater systems

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Water Systems - Process Tech II Chapter 2 PDF

Description

Explore water treatment for industrial applications, including screening, clarification, coagulation, and filtration. Understand the differences between potable, service, and cooling water systems. Learn why monitoring and treatment are crucial for cooling water.

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