Water Systems - Process Tech II Chapter 2 PDF

Process Tech II Chapter 2: Water Systems Reading Objectives: 1. Describe the purpose of fundamental concepts of water systems. 2. Explain the components and operating principles of a water system, their instrumentation and control, and factors that affect their operation. 3. Discuss...

Process Tech II Chapter 2: Water Systems Reading Objectives: 1. Describe the purpose of fundamental concepts of water systems. 2. Explain the components and operating principles of a water system, their instrumentation and control, and factors that affect their operation. 3. Discuss the process technician's responsibilities in operating water systems. 4. Discuss specific safety, health, and environmental concerns associated with water systems. Reading Summary: I. Introduction i. Influent sources of water such as lakes and rivers 1. Raw water that must be treated because it contains impurities a. Service Water ii. Free of turbidity- solid particles iii. Used as service water for flushing, cleaning, heat removal, etc b. Firewater iv. Screened water v. Used for firefighting and emergency purposes vi. Provides large amount through tanks, fire hydrants, sprinkler or deluge systems c. Cooling Water vii. Remove waste heat viii. Because evaporation occurs it needs to be monitored and treated d. Boiler Feed Water ix. Undergone filtration and clarification and go on to advanced or secondary treatment x. Serviced water that has been cleaned and deionized and removes dissolved gases xi. Used in chemical processes as reactant or solvent e. Potable Water xii. Used for drinking, meal preparation, dishwashing, eyewash fountains, safety showers, etc. xiii. Usually obtained through municipal water system II. System Components, Operating Principles, Instrumentation/ Controls, and Abnormal Conditions f. Components and Operating Principles xiv. Raw Water intake screening 2. Uses screens to trap larger objects such as sticks, aquatic plants, fish and other marine life to prevent them from entering intake 3. Can be designated as fire water xv. Clarification and filtering 4. Turbidity in water can create sludge in the equipment 5. Turbidity (colloid) treated primarily by clarifying and filtering 6. Coagulation is activated by adding aluminum sulfate or cationic polymer that provides a positive charge for the negative charged colloids, this causes them to clump together 7. Flocculation is larger particles of clumps of solids 8. Clarifier a vessel used to make a liquid visually clear by allowing suspended materials to settle 9. Further filtration is done by filtering system of sand 10. Backflush process of removing contaminants by reversing the normal flow, such as in filters and heat exchangers xvi. Disinfection 11. Typically, last step in water treatment 12. Chlorine gas or solid us used xvii. Cooling Water Systems 13. Absorption of heat from process through evaporation xviii. Potable Water 14. Must be checked to ensure it meets standards g. System Instrumentation and Control 15. Variables that are controlled a. Pressure, especially when water is being used b. Composition to ensure that it does not contain too many particles c. Temperature to ensure that it works as cooling water xix. Control diagram 16. Will follow traditional loop patterns 17. During cooler weather, the water may bypass the cooling towers to keep the water temperature a bit lower h. Abnormal Operations xx. Affected by both environmental and other conditions xxi. Conditions 18. Heavy rain, power outage, drought, loss of primary containment (break in water line), extreme heat, chlorine leaks, potable wate contamination III. Process Technician Responsibilities xxii. Responsibilities 19. Monitor equipment, numbers and levels 20. Inspect components and look for foaming IV. Safety, health, and environmental concerns i. Corrosive and toxic chemicals to natural disaster, dangerous wildlife and moving parts, slippery sections j. Other tasks xxiii. Cleaning screen xxiv. Monitor fire pumps xxv. Monitor raw water pumps xxvi. Clarifiers xxvii. Chorine injection (escaped gas can be poisonous) xxviii. Cooling towers xxix. Cold weather Quiz Answers **Question 1** Which systems require process technicians to backflush filters as needed? Service water systems Process water systems Potable water systems Cooling water systems **Feedback** That\'s not correct **Question 2** What term is used to describe the cloudiness caused by particles suspended in water or some other liquid? Influent Turbidity Back flush Coagulation **Feedback** Good work **Question 3** What is one of the processes required to produce service water in addition to screening? Chlorination Clarification Softening Deaeration **Feedback** Good work **Question 4** Which kind of water usually is used for wash downs? Firewater River water Service water Raw water **Feedback** That\'s not correct **Question 5** What is used to introduce chlorine gas into water for disinfection? Large corrosive-proof funnels Back flushing High-pressure nozzles An eductor **Feedback** Good work **Question 6** In water systems, what does the term colloid usually refer to? Chemicals such as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide Chemicals such as aluminum sulfate or cationic polymers Water that contains suspended solids Any type of coagulant **Feedback** Good work **Question 7** Process technicians are responsible for performing which of the following tasks involving firewater systems? Monitor pump discharge pressure and flow rate. Monitor pumps to ensure they will work properly when needed. Monitor clarifiers and monitor filters. Add chemicals whenever they are needed. **Feedback** Good work **Question 8** Why does cooling water require ongoing monitoring and treatment? Evaporation may cause contaminants in the cooling water to concentrate. Faulty filtration may allow contaminants to pass into the cooling water. Faulty clarification may allow contaminants to pass into the cooling water. Improper chlorination may allow contaminants to pass into the cooling water. **Feedback** Good work **Question 9** What is the primary means for preventing fish and other marine life from entering the water intakes of a plant? Nets Screens Dams Electric fences **Feedback** Good work **Question 10** What is the term used for the thick mixture formed in pipes and equipment by accumulation of suspended solids? Back flush Turbidity Flocculation Sludge **Feedback** Good work **Question 11** In a fire water system, what can cause a drop in water pressure? Deactivation of a deluge system Low humidity A decrease in demand for water Activation of a deluge system **Feedback** Good work **Question 12** How is firewater derived? From screened raw water Distilled from service water Pumped directly from streams or lakes From service providers such as utility companies **Feedback** Good work **Question 13** What is one of the possible hazards related to the task of cleaning screens? Chemical exposure Moving parts Slippery surfaces Pipe blowout **Feedback** Good work **Question 14** What is the most common controlled variable in water systems? Composition Pressure Temperature Flow **Feedback** Good work **Question 15** How might heavy rain result in the loss of feed water? It would actually increase available feed water. It would have no effect on available feed water. It would only affect potable water supplies. Low-lying raw water pumps might be submerged. **Feedback** Good work **Question 16** What human function uses the concept of latent heat of evaporation? Blood circulation Sweating Digestion Breathing **Feedback** Good work **Question 17** What is one of the possible hazards related to the task of working with clarifiers? Chemical exposure Pipe blowout Presence of venomous snakes Slippery surfaces **Feedback** Good work **Question 18** Which of the following tasks may expose process technicians to the hazard of poisonous snakes? Monitoring fire pumps Working with clarifiers Cleaning screens Monitoring raw water pumps **Feedback** Good work **Question 19** What is typically used to clean water that has already passed through a clarifier? A sand filter A fiberglass filter A bag filter A charcoal filter **Feedback** Good work **Question 20** Process technicians are responsible for performing which of the following tasks involving service water systems? Monitor water temperature. Monitor clarifiers. Add chemicals to water as needed. Monitor condition of screens. **Feedback** Good work **Question 21** What are the primary means for treating turbidity? Softening and disinfection Clarifying and filtering Screening and chlorination Deaeration and deionization **Feedback** Good work **Question 22** What principle is used to cool water in a cooling tower? Refrigeration Evaporative cooling Ionization Reionization **Feedback** Good work **Question 23** Service water systems require process technicians to perform which of the following tasks? Inspect screens. Control disinfection. Monitor clarifiers. Inspect water for foaming. **Question 24** What is a sign of significant toxic chlorine gas production? Bright miniature white clouds A sudden drop in room temperature Heavy reddish-brown smoke A faint yellowish-green haze **Feedback** Good work **Question 25** Which of these water systems requires process technicians to monitor pumps and ensure they will work properly when needed? Service water systems Cooling water systems Process water systems Firewater systems **Feedback** Good work