13 Questions
Match the factor affecting flow rate with its description:
Frictional (electrostatic) forces = Forces generated on the surface of particles due to friction between them Particle shape = Spherical particles with smooth surface have good flowability, while irregular shape particles hinder flow Particle size = Large particles with rough surfaces can lead to blockage of machine orifice Moisture = High moisture content can lead to formation of sticky particles and bad flowability
Match the factor reducing flow rate with its consequence:
Frictional (electrostatic) forces = Generated on particle surfaces due to friction, affects flowability Particle shape = Irregular shape particles fill spaces and hinder flow Particle size = Large particles mostly have rough surfaces, causing issues in flow Moisture = Acts as binder between particles but high content results in sticky particles and bad flowability
Match the relationship between particle characteristics with their impact on flow rate:
Spherical particles with smooth surface = Good and free flowability Irregular shape particles with flat or rough surfaces = Bad flowability due to hindering the flow Large particle size = Rough surfaces may cause blockage of machine orifice High moisture content = Results in formation of sticky particles and bad flowability
Match the description with the factors affecting flow rate:
Forces generated on particle surfaces due to friction = Frictional (electrostatic) forces Irregular shape particles filling spaces and hindering flow = Particle shape Large particles mostly having rough surfaces causing blockage = Particle size Acting as a binder but high content leads to sticky particles = Moisture
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Rheology = The study of flow properties of materials Powder flowability = Determines how well powder flows Freely flowable powder = Powder that flows easily without sticking Intermolecular forces = Weak forces on the surface of particles
Match the following statements with their explanations:
The need for proper understanding of rheological properties of pharmaceutical materials is essential during preparation, development and evaluation of pharmaceutical dosage form. = Ensuring quality and consistency in dosage form production Tablets and capsules are most commonly used dosage forms; an important consideration in manufacturing these dosage forms is the flow of solid powder particles from the hopper through feeder. = Importance of consistent flow rate for uniformity in final products Preparation of such dosage forms required measured filling for the production of each unit; and the uniformity of the final products requires constant flow rate of particles. = Achieving constant weight and content uniformity in tablets/capsules Factors reducing flow rate: surface of particles (different charges), like Van der Waals forces. = Influences on powder flowability
Match the following reasons to study rheology with their outcomes:
The die must be filled with the same amount of granules in each compression time; in order to get such amount, constant flow rate of particles should be ensured by having freely flowable powder or granules. = Consistent compression leading to uniform tablet weight A good flow will lead to constant weight of powder reach die at each compression; as a result, no weight variation, constant content uniformity and good bioavailability. = Impact of powder flow on product quality
Match the following with their respective effects on powder flowability:
Glidant = Prevents friction between particles Lubricant = Decreases friction between particles and machine walls Granulation = Solves problems from irregular particle size or shape Drying = Removes excess moisture but must be carefully timed
Match the following mechanisms with their impact on powder flowability:
Smoothing particle surfaces = Improves powder flowability Reducing electrostatic charge = Enhances powder flowability Moisture reduction on particles = Aids in powder flowability Alteration of particle shape and texture = Produces free flowing granules
Match the following with their impact on granules formation:
Granulation = Converts fine powder into uniform size granules Over-drying = Reverts granules back to fine powder Spray drying = Produces spherical free flowing granules Drying time control = Critical in maintaining granule form
Match the following with their impact on stickiness in powder formulation:
Hydrophobic nature of additives = Can cause stickiness in large concentration Proper lubricant concentration = Critical for avoiding stickiness and bad flowability Proper glidant concentration = Critical for maintaining good flowability Over-drying during drying process = Can lead to stickiness in the final product
Match the following with their role in improving powder flow rate:
Glidant = Acts to improve powder flow through various mechanisms Particle shape alteration by spray drying = Produces granules with better flow properties Granulation of fine powder = Results in uniform size and shape granules for improved flow Moisture reduction on particle surfaces = Reduces clumping and aids in smooth flow
Match the following factors with their impact on particle cohesion:
Glidant effect on electrostatic charge adhesion = Reduces cohesion between particles Lubricant reducing friction between particles and machine walls = Decreases cohesion for better flow Granulation producing uniform size granules = Minimizes cohesion between irregular particles Proper drying to remove excess moisture = Helps prevent particle agglomeration and cohesion
Explore the fundamental concepts of rheology in the context of pharmaceutical materials. Learn about the importance of understanding flow properties in the preparation, development, and evaluation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Discover how rheology impacts manufacturing of tablets and capsules.
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