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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a biological hazard?
What is an example of a benefit associated with physical hazards?
What can chemical hazards cause?
Which type of hazard can have a delayed effect on health?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids?
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Which micronutrient is provided as an example, emphasizing its importance?
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Which chemicals are listed in 'The Dirty Dozen' group?
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Which substance is an example of a chemical hazard?
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What is the definition of 'chemical' as per the Cambridge online dictionary?
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Which paradigm was prevalent before WW II?
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What did Rachel Carson's Silent Spring lead to in the USA by the end of 1962?
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'Good chemicals' in traditional plants provide various health benefits. Which plant, when used as a strong infusion, is said to reduce fever and treat head colds, stiff back/joints, etc.?
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'Bad chemicals' were mentioned in Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Which substance was linked to health issues in the 1990s as an endocrine disrupter?
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What are common releases to the environment mentioned in the text?
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What are toxic chemicals grouped by according to their actions?
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What can be said about inorganic contaminants according to the text?
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What occurred due to the loss of placental barrier in the late 1950s?
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What synthetic estrogen was used in the 1960s and caused long-term health effects?
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'Everyday exposure to toxic chemicals includes which of these substances according to the provided information?'
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Study Notes
- Examples of chemical hazards include PCBs, DDT, Mercury (Hg), and Lead (Pb)
- "Chemical" definition: any substance used in or produced by a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules (Cambridge online dictionary)
- Common environmental hazards and routes of exposure include Yassi et al., 2001
- "Good chemicals" in traditional plants provide various health benefits, such as:
- Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium): whole plant, tea/strong infusion, decoction, internal, reduces fever, treats head colds, stiff back/joints, etc.
- Sweet fern: watch video on Creator’s Garden YouTube channel
- "Bad chemicals": Rachel Carson's Silent Spring (1962) predicted far-reaching impacts on the environment and humans, leading to increased regulation of pesticide use.
- Before WW II: Dilution Paradigm. After WW II: Boomerang Paradigm.
- At least 10,000,000 chemicals have been synthesized since 1900, and about 1,000 new synthetic chemicals are introduced each year.
- Common releases to the environment include hazardous waste injection wells, pesticides, coal strip mine runoff, etc.
- Everyday exposure to toxic chemicals includes chloroform, para-dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene, formaldehyde, and other substances.
- Toxic chemicals are grouped by actions: allergens, neurotoxins, mutagens, teratogens, and carcinogens.
- Inorganic contaminants, such as metals, cannot be broken down and are naturally occurring. Organic contaminants can be broken down and are predominantly human-made.
- Sources of metals include natural sources like forest fires and volcanic eruptions and anthropogenic sources like mining and agriculture.
- Trace elements can be toxic or essential, and their health effects depend on the concentration and individual's health status.
- Biological response to metals can vary, and some can act as macronutrients, while others can be toxic.
- Silent Spring led to over forty bills for pesticide regulation in the USA by the end of 1962.
- Minamata disease, caused by the loss of the placental barrier, occurred in the late 1950s.
- Thalidomide, which caused the loss of the privileged fetus, was in use in the 1960s.
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, was used in the 1960s and 1970s and caused long-term health effects.
- DDT, an endocrine disrupter, was linked to health issues in the 1990s.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the environmental health hazards and benefits for indigenous communities, including biological hazards like bacteria, viruses, and parasites, as well as chemical hazards such as toxic metals and pesticides. Explore the traditional food species and plants that provide essential nutrients and antioxidants for indigenous peoples.
