Indicadores de Desenvolvimento e AVENUP

AVENUP for All

• AVENUP gathers information using indirect methods, focusing on availability, not consumption.
• Food balance sheets collect total food availability (excluding exports and non-food uses).
• Household surveys measure household availability (excluding production losses, waste, and use for restaurants).

Indicators

• Indicators are parameters, measured values, or statistics that describe well-being and development levels of a population.
• Simple indicators: specific measurements for a particular aspect.
• Composite/index indicators: a collection of indicators.
• Indicators help diagnose, monitor, and create public policies to improve the situation of a population.
• Validity: indicators reflect the phenomenon they are designed for.
• Reliability/Reproducibility: ensures consistency through the ability to reproduce similar results.
• Sensitivity: measures changes/modifications.
• Specificity: solely focuses on the phenomenon being measured, excluding external influences.
• Limitation: Data collection may not be standardized, hindering comparison.
• Discontinuity/Irregularity in data collection: prevents continuous data collection, affecting timely publication.
• Territorial coverage: difficulty collecting information from the entire population of a country.

Indicator Classifications

• Quantitative indicators are objective and refer to specific occurrences (e.g., unemployment rate).
• Qualitative indicators are subjective and based on individual perceptions of social reality (e.g., confidence in institutions).

ECHI

• A European project proposed a standardized list of 88 health indicators.
• Aims to provide a comparable database for public health in the EU and link information needs with data collection, identifying gaps and prioritization.
• Serves as a guide for health-related reports and monitoring of action programs.
• Child mortality rate under 5 is the best isolated indicator for childhood health.

OMS (World Health Organization)

• In 2015, the OMS defined a list of 100 health indicators to monitor national and global health outcomes.
• The list aims to reduce duplicated information, increase investment efficiency, and improve the quality of collected data.

Measures

• Relative measures (ratios, proportions, rates) use the relationship between different variables, frequently dependent on population size and time frame.
• Absolute measures (counts, frequencies) express quantities directly.
• Ratio: numerator is not included in the denominator.
• Proportion: numerator is part of the denominator, usually presented as a percentage.
• Rate: a ratio with a specific time period as part of the denominator.

Prevalence and Incidence

• Prevalence refers to the existence of a disease/condition in a given population at a specific time.
• Point prevalence: calculates the number of cases at a specific moment in time.
• Period prevalence: calculates the cases over a given period of time.
• Incidence refers to the occurrence of new cases of a disease/condition in a given population during a specific time.

Incidence:

• Cumulative Incidence: Measures the likelihood of developing a disease/condition in a population over a defined period.
• Incidence Rate: Measures the rate at which new cases occur in a population over a period of time considering individual "person-time" rather than the total population.

Food Balances

• Summary of food flows with inputs (production, imports, changes in stocks) and outputs (exports, feed, non-food uses).
• Provides insights into national food availability.

Household Surveys

• Collect detailed food data on consumption and expenditures.
• Capture food availability for a period (usually 1 week), usually at the household or individual level.
• Capture what individuals consume and when.

Limitations

• Cannot capture direct consumption, often only providing indirect measures of food availability.
• Difficulty in defining food consumption categories.