Importance of Highway Development and Planning
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What is the primary purpose of a freeway?

  • To provide access to residential and commercial areas
  • To collect traffic from local roads and direct it to arterial roads
  • To serve as a major thoroughfare for both local and through traffic
  • To provide efficient and safe travel for high volumes of traffic at high speeds (correct)

    • What is a characteristic of an arterial road?

  • Typically has low traffic volumes
  • Has signalized intersections (correct)
  • Provides access to properties along the road
  • Has fewer lanes than collector roads

    • What is the main function of a collector road?

  • To provide access to properties along the road
  • To serve as a major thoroughfare for both local and through traffic
  • To collect traffic from local roads and direct it to arterial roads or freeways (correct)
  • To provide efficient and safe travel for high volumes of traffic at high speeds

    • What is a characteristic of a local road?

    <p>Has low traffic volumes and low speed limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended design speed for an urban freeway?

    <p>80-95 km/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum recommended design speed for a rural collector road with an average daily traffic of 750-2000?

    <p>60 km/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of classifying roads?

    <p>To determine the type of traffic the road is designed to handle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a freeway and an arterial road?

    <p>The presence of intersections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration for highway alignment?

    <p>Safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to align a new road carefully?

    <p>To minimize land acquisition costs and roadside structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the alignment of the roadway in the horizontal plane?

    <p>Horizontal Alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for considering special considerations during highway alignment?

    <p>To account for the terrain and purpose of the highway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is directness an ideal characteristic of highway alignment?

    <p>To result in the minimum possible length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of ensuring safety during highway alignment?

    <p>To prevent possible accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of ensuring ease of construction, maintenance, and operation during highway alignment?

    <p>Easy curves and gradients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal alignment characteristic that aims to minimize the overall cost of construction, maintenance, and vehicle operation?

    <p>Economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of a Bypass Road?

    <p>It is a road built to avoid entering a village or town.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of road mentioned in the content?

    <p>Expressway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these roads is likely to have limited access?

    <p>Arterial road</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a Street?

    <p>It is a road located within a town or a residential locality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of road is most likely to be used for ceremonial processions?

    <p>Boulevard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these roads is designed to facilitate quick movement of traffic?

    <p>Bypass Road</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of road pattern involves rectangular blocks of plots?

    <p>Rectangular Pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about Arterial roads?

    <p>They connect state or national highways within a city.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for smooth traffic flow when there is a change in direction?

    <p>Horizontal curves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be designed for smooth flow of traffic when there is a change in gradient?

    <p>Vertical curves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of engineering surveys is the final location of the highway determined?

    <p>Final Location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of maps are used in the initial stages of engineering surveys for highway location?

    <p>Topographic maps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical contour interval range for topographic maps used in highway surveys?

    <p>15 to 30 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geographical features can be avoided using topographic maps during the planning stage of highway design?

    <p>Valleys, ponds, or lakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key benefit of proper highway planning and design?

    <p>Improves safety for all road users</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of road is classified as a collector road?

    <p>Arterial road</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor should be considered in highway planning?

    <p>Air and noise pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of limited-access road?

    <p>National Road</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an expressway from other types of roads?

    <p>It features grade separation at major intersections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In highway classification, which category typically includes provincial roads?

    <p>Local Roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a significant adverse effect of highways if not properly planned?

    <p>Increased air pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification includes bypass and diversion roads?

    <p>National Roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Importance of Highway Development and Planning

    • Proper highway planning and design can improve safety for all road users by reducing the risk of accidents and fatalities.
    • Highways can have a significant impact on the environment, and proper planning is crucial to minimize this impact by considering factors such as air and noise pollution, impact on wildlife, and preservation of natural habitats.

    Classification of Roads

    • Controlled-access highways are divided highways for through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with grade separation at major intersections.
    • Expressways are high-speed controlled-access highways with no at-grade crossings or intersections, multiple lanes in each direction, limited access points, and designed to provide efficient and safe travel for high volumes of traffic at high speeds.
    • Freeways are high-speed controlled-access highways with no at-grade crossings or intersections, multiple lanes in each direction, limited access points, and designed to provide efficient and safe travel for high volumes of traffic at high speeds.
    • Arterial roads are high-capacity roads that serve as major thoroughfares for both local and through traffic, typically have multiple lanes in each direction, signalized intersections, and higher speed limits than local roads.
    • Collector roads collect traffic from local roads and direct it to arterial roads or freeways, typically have fewer lanes than arterial roads, and designed to provide access to residential and commercial areas.
    • Local roads provide access to residential, commercial, or industrial areas, typically have low traffic volumes, low speed limits, and designed to provide access to properties along the road.

    Design Speed

    • The minimum recommended design speed for freeways is 80-95 km/hr in urban areas and 110-95 km/hr in rural areas.
    • The minimum recommended design speed for arterial roads is 94-95 km/hr in urban areas and 80-110 km/hr in rural areas.
    • The minimum recommended design speed for collector roads depends on the average daily traffic volume and terrain.
    • The minimum recommended design speed for local roads depends on the average daily traffic volume and terrain.

    Other Terms

    • Road: a convenient way over which vehicles may lawfully pass from one place to another.
    • Service road: a road used for servicing and as a means of access to adjacent property, constructed parallel to the main road.
    • Street: a road within a town or residential locality with buildings on one or both sides.
    • Country road: a road connecting one place to another on the countryside, generally used for local traffic.
    • Urban road: a road within a town or city.
    • Boulevard: a very wide road with avenues on its either side, generally used for ceremonial processions or considered as prestigious roads in a city.
    • Bypass road: a road constructed skirting a village or small town, taking off from a highway and joining it after bypassing the inhabited area, helping through traffic to move fast without entering the village or town.

    Road Patterns

    • Rectangular or block pattern: a road pattern where the whole area is divided into rectangular blocks of plots, with streets intersecting at right angles.

    Highway Alignment and Surveys

    • Highway alignment: the laying out of the center line of a proposed highway on the ground.
    • Requirements of an ideal alignment: directness, ease of construction, maintenance, and operation, safety, economy, and special considerations.
    • Directness: the aligned route between end points should be as direct as possible to minimize length.
    • Ease of construction, maintenance, and operation: the alignment should be easy to construct, maintain, and operate.
    • Safety: safety for road users should be the primary consideration, including stability of natural and man-made slopes.
    • Economy: the overall cost of construction, maintenance, and operation of the road, as well as the operation cost of vehicles, should be as low as possible.
    • Special considerations: depending on the purpose of the highway and the characteristics of the terrain, special considerations may be needed, such as hill roads or ghat roads.

    Horizontal and Vertical Alignment

    • Horizontal alignment: the alignment of the roadway in the horizontal plane, which may include horizontal curves for smooth flow of traffic.
    • Vertical alignment: the alignment of the roadway in the vertical plane, which may include gradients or slopes along the length, and curves in the vertical plane for smooth flow of traffic.

    Stages of Engineering Surveys for Highway Location

    • Map study: the first stage of engineering surveys, which involves studying topographic maps with 15-30 meter contour intervals to identify valleys, ponds, or lakes, and plan the approximate position of bridges.
    • Preliminary survey: the second stage of engineering surveys, which involves conducting a preliminary survey to identify the best possible alignment.
    • Detailed survey: the third stage of engineering surveys, which involves conducting a detailed survey to finalize the alignment.
    • Final location: the final stage of engineering surveys, which involves finalizing the location of the highway.

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    Highway Development and Planning Lecture 2 PDF

    Description

    Learn about the significance of proper highway planning and design in improving safety and minimizing environmental impact.

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