Immunology Quiz: Cells and Processes

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Questions and Answers

The mechanism of cytotoxic action of CD8+ T lymphocytes includes:

Nitric oxide (correct)

Oxygen free radicals (correct)

IFN-γ (correct)

Perforin (correct)

Can cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce apoptosis of malignant cells?

Sometimes

Only in metastases

Yes (correct)

The cells responsible for releasing histamine in allergic conditions are:

Lymphocytes

Mast cells (correct)

Eosinophils

Hepatocytes

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce apoptosis of malignant cells via:

Fas ligand Signup and view all the answers

Differentiation of pre-cytotoxic into cytotoxic T lymphocytes requires:

IL-2 Signup and view all the answers

The term referring to the movement of leukocytes toward bacteria is:

Chemotaxis Signup and view all the answers

The process by which macrophages and granulocytes ingest microorganisms is called:

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is significant for the activation of macrophages?

IL-12 Signup and view all the answers

Macrophages express:

Class I MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

The reverse transcriptase of the HIV virus performs the following function:

Transcribes viral RNA into DNA Signup and view all the answers

The following products of the immune system are opsonins:

IgG Signup and view all the answers

Macrophages can kill tumor cells by:

Perforin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms do leukocytes use to kill pathogenic organisms:

Oxidative activity Signup and view all the answers

Macrophages recognize tumor antigens:

Via lectin, thrombospondin, and phosphatidylserine receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which viral enzymes assist in the integration of the HIV provirus into the cellular genome:

Integrases Signup and view all the answers

Can macrophages phagocytose neoplastic cells?

Yes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about TAMs (tumor-activated macrophages) is correct?

TAMs express high levels of Class II MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

The C3b component of complement is an opsonin because:

Phagocytes recognize it with their receptors Signup and view all the answers

Can TAMs induce tumor neovascularization?

Yes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells does NOT belong to the family of macrophages:

NK cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about interferons is NOT true:

They activate complement Signup and view all the answers

Non-specific immunotherapy of tumors includes:

"Vaccination" with irradiated tumor cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immune System

The cells responsible for releasing histamine in allergic conditions are mast cells.
Chemotaxis is the term referring to the movement of leukocytes towards bacteria.
Phagocytosis is the process by which macrophages and granulocytes ingest microorganisms.
The reverse transcriptase of the HIV virus transcribes viral RNA into DNA.

Immune Response

Opsonins are products of the immune system, including Class II MHC products, IgG, and C3b.
Leukocytes use oxidative activity to kill pathogenic organisms.
Integrases are viral enzymes that assist in the integration of the HIV provirus into the cellular genome.
The C3b component of complement is an opsonin because phagocytes recognize it with their receptors.

Immune Cells

Macrophages possess a receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG.
Mast cells express a receptor for the Fc fragment of IgE.
Eosinophils mature in the presence of IL-5.
B lymphocytes in humans mature in the bone marrow.
T lymphocytes mature in the thymus.

Immunoglobulins

IgM appears before IgG in the primary immune response because its production does not require antigen.
In the secondary immune response, antibody production begins earlier, and IgG concentrations are higher.
Cell-mediated immunity can be transferred to a non-immune individual by the transfer of T lymphocytes.
The first immunoglobulin chain synthesized during B lymphocyte maturation is the μ heavy chain.

MHC and Antigen Presentation

Human Class II MHC products include HLA-DR, HLA-DP, and HLA-DQ.
Antigen processing is possible in macrophages and other antigen-presenting cells.
Coreceptor molecules on the membrane of T lymphocytes are CD4 and CD8 molecules.

Immune Response Regulation

The activation of the complement system via the alternative pathway does not involve C1, C2, and C4.
If autoreactive cells are not eliminated by negative selection in the thymus, it will lead to autoimmune diseases.
The function of B lymphocytes is not cytotoxicity.

Immune System Disorders

In Myasthenia gravis, there are autoantibodies specific for the acetylcholine receptor.
The presence of the HLA-B27 allele does not represent an increased risk for the development of type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Patients with DiGeorge syndrome lack a thymus and therefore suffer from T cell deficiencies.

Antibody Structure and Function

The Fab fragment of an antibody does not include the C-terminus of the heavy chain.
The primary functions of the Fc fragment of an antibody include passage of antibodies through the placenta, binding to mast cells and basophils, and complement activation.

Transplantation and Immunotherapy

Immunosuppressive therapy is applied in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation.
Adoptive immunotherapy of malignant diseases involves the use of LAK cells, which are generated in vitro by high doses of IL-2 acting on NK cells.
Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes recognize tumor antigens in the context of Class I MHC molecules.
Macrophages can induce apoptosis of malignant cells by producing TNF-α and oxygen free radicals.
TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages) can induce tumor neovascularization.

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Description

Test your knowledge of immunology with these questions on cells and processes involved in the immune system, including histamine release, leukocyte movement, and phagocytosis.