Immunology I: Introduction
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity is considered the '1st line of defense'?

  • Adaptive immunity
  • Cell-mediated immunity
  • Innate immunity (correct)
  • Passive immunity

    • Where are the cells of the immune system derived from?

  • Spleen
  • Liver
  • Thymus gland
  • Bone marrow (correct)

    • In the context of immune response, what happens to foreign molecules, microbes, or cells that cannot be destroyed?

  • They are used for energy production
  • They are attacked by the nervous system
  • They are left to multiply freely
  • They are isolated from the rest of the body (correct)

    • Which type of immunity involves the production and use of antibodies?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>It provides immediate, non-specific defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is more diverse?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diseases are outside of immune-mediated diseases according to the text?

    <p>Inflammatory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some functions of most components of the immune system according to the text?

    <p>Recognizing foreign molecules, destroying foreign molecules, communicating between recognizing and destroying activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with the adaptive immune system?

    <p>Specificity and diversity of receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a general function of myeloid-derived leukocytes?

    <p>Phagocytosis and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can primary lymphoid organs be distinguished from secondary lymphoid organs?

    <p>Primary organs produce mature lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a basic function of secondary lymphoid organs?

    <p>Differentiation of B and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the immune system's recognition of self and tolerance?

    <p>Prevention of autoimmune diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the innate immune response?

    <p>It has a limited repertoire of recognizable entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity recognizes 'patterns'?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an immunogen?

    <p>A substance that can generate an adaptive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of a hapten?

    <p>It can bind to a receptor but cannot generate an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate number of distinct antigens that the vertebrate immune system can recognize?

    <p>~10^16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Clonal Selection Theory related to in the context of adaptive immunity?

    <p>Diversity of receptors passed on to daughter lymphocyte from parent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete antibodies into the blood?

    <p>B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regions of T and B cell receptors are shuffled

    <p>Variable regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigens are recognized by most antibodies?

    <p>Protein antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are T cell receptors best at recognizing?

    <p>Protein antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do T cell receptors recognize antigens?

    <p>Only when antigens are presented by other cells through antigen presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the general characteristics of secondary immune responses?

    <p>Faster, larger, and involve relatively high-affinity B-cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both Bone marrow and the Thymus are considered SLOs (secondary lymphoid organs)

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Innate immune system is considered "hard-wired". ie. doesn't change throughout the lifespan of an organism

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Immunogen = A substance that can generate an adaptive immune response Epitope = The molecular entity that binds to the receptor Hapten = A substance that can bind to an antibody, but CANNOT generate an immune response Antigen = A substance that can bind to a receptor of the adaptive immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following characteristics with their corresponding immune response system:

    <p>Response time: Hours à days = Innate Immune Response Response time: Days à 2 weeks = Adaptive Immune Response Memory: None Present = Innate Immune Response Memory: Present = Adaptive Immune Response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their description:

    <p>B cell Receptor = Expresses Ab on their surface and secretes Abs into the blood (aka Immunoglobulins – Igs) T cell Receptor = Structurally very similar to the Fab portion of an Ab and best at recognizing protein antigens Antibodies = Most bind to protein antigens – distinct sequences of amino acids and can recognize various molecules Lymphocyte receptor repertoire = The set of antigen (Ag) receptors in a given individual’s immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their explanations:

    <p>Specificity: Recognition of a foreign molecule by high-affinity binding to a receptor = Adaptive Immunity Diversity: Vertebrate immune system can recognize ~10^16 distinct antigens = Adaptive Immunity Clonal Selection Theory = Explains the process where each lymphocyte bears a single type of receptor with a unique specificity Memory in the context of clonal selection theory = Explains how exposure to an antigen increases the adaptive immune system's ability to respond to the same or closely related antigen following re-exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding molecules or entities:

    <p>Light chains and heavy chain = B cell Receptor Variable regions = Portions that are “shuffled” and that can bind to antigen Epitopes on antigens = Different antibody affinities and recognized by B-lymphocytes Amino acid sequences on protein antigens = Bound by most antibodies and can be continuous or discontinuous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymph nodes lie at junctions of ______

    <p>Lymphatic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymph nodes collect extracellular fluid (lymph) and return it to blood

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spleen is considered a _____ for blood (hint: think of a function)

    <p>filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ in the spleen produce large amounts of antibodies

    <p>B-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The purpose of MALTs (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) is to collect _______ from mucosal surfaces

    <p>antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GALT include....

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peyer's patches collect antigens from epithelial surfaces ofGI tract via...

    <p>M cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ lymphoid organs bring antigen and lymphocytes together to initiate an adaptive immune response (Primary or Secondary?)

    <p>Secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Immunology

    • Immunology is the study of the immune system, which has various functions, including protection from microbial pathogens, foreign cells, and damaged tissues, as well as facilitating regeneration and repair of tissues.

    Characteristics of the Immune System

    • Recognition of foreign entities or damage
    • Destruction/neutralization of pathogenic entities
    • Recognition of self and tolerance
    • Specificity, memory, primary responses, and secondary responses
    • Repair and regeneration

    Clonal Selection Theory and Adaptive Immune System

    • Relates to the functions and characteristics of the adaptive immune system

    Leukocytes

    • Lymphoid-derived leukocytes:
      • Microscopic appearance: varies
      • Location: lymphoid organs
      • General function: produce antibodies, recognize specific antigens, and activate immune responses
    • Myeloid-derived leukocytes:
      • Microscopic appearance: varies
      • Location: bone marrow, blood, and tissues
      • General function: phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and cytokine production

    Lymphatic Tissues

    • Primary lymphoid organs:
      • Function: site of lymphocyte maturation
      • Examples: bone marrow, thymus
    • Secondary lymphoid organs:
      • Function: site of antigen trapping and activation of immune responses
      • Examples: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils

    Immune Response Overview

    • Innate immunity:
      • "1st line of defense"
      • Features cellular and molecular effectors that are less specific and genetically "hard-wired"
    • Adaptive immunity:
      • Activated when innate defenses are breached (delayed)
      • Features cellular and molecular effectors that are highly specific and genetically "changeable"

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    Immunology I Introduction - BMS 150 - PDF

    Description

    This quiz elaborates on the major functions and characteristics of the immune system, including recognition of foreign entities, destruction/neutralization of pathogenic entities, recognition of self and tolerance, specificity, memory, primary responses, secondary responses, repair, regeneration, and their relation to the clonal selection theory in the adaptive immune system.

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