COPY: Immunology and Vaccination Concepts
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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity is primarily associated with the role of B cells?

  • Passive immunity
  • Humoral immunity (correct)
  • Cell-mediated immunity
  • Natural immunity

    • How does antibody production change in older adults after vaccinations?

  • It remains unchanged.
  • It completely stops.
  • It decreases significantly. (correct)
  • It increases significantly.

    • What is a key characteristic of cell-mediated immunity?

  • It is mediated by B cells.
  • It creates antibodies against pathogens.
  • It provides passive immunity.
  • It does not involve antibodies. (correct)

    • What role do antigens play in the immune response?

    <p>They stimulate the production of antibodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of vaccines?

    <p>To stimulate active immunity by introducing antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is recommended to be vaccinated against before traveling to endemic regions?

    <p>Cholera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of immunity is provided by immune globulins?

    <p>Passive immunity with a short duration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary precaution necessary for storing vaccines?

    <p>Refrigerate and have a backup power source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of epoetin alpha related to blood pressure?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary component should be limited to enhance iron absorption?

    <p>High-calcium meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine is advised for adults who have had shingles?

    <p>Recombinant zoster vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction is frequently associated with the use of antivenoms?

    <p>Pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution is essential when administering vaccines that require refrigeration?

    <p>Have a backup storage plan for power outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance should not be consumed with oral iron therapy to improve absorption?

    <p>Dairy products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lab parameter is crucial to monitor during CSF therapy?

    <p>Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target hemoglobin level for patients undergoing epoetin alpha therapy?

    <p>11 g/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for receiving interferons?

    <p>Pregnancy, unless at high risk for MS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should folic acid be administered to treat megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Orally, unless the patient cannot tolerate it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to reduce hematologic effects after methotrexate therapy?

    <p>Leucovorin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To target rapidly dividing cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action for pregnant nurses regarding chemotherapy drugs?

    <p>Avoid preparing, administering, or handling these drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction should be monitored in patients taking temozolomide with radiation?

    <p>Pneumocystis pneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution is essential when administering antivenoms?

    <p>Resuscitation equipment must be available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom indicates a hypersensitivity reaction during immune globulin therapy?

    <p>Cyanosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for administering the varicella vaccine?

    <p>Use of salicylates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine contains attenuated antigens?

    <p>Live vaccines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires the recombinant zoster vaccine?

    <p>History of shingles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of administering antivenom after 4 hours of exposure?

    <p>It may not be effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major adverse reaction to interferons?

    <p>Flu-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are colony-stimulating factors used after chemotherapy?

    <p>To reduce neutropenia and infection risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for local pain after vaccine administration?

    <p>Massage, rest, and apply heat or ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction to colony-stimulating factors?

    <p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Vitamin B12 or folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leucovorin in folic acid deficiency?

    <p>Mitigates hematologic effects of methotrexate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a test dose required before administering iron dextran?

    <p>To check for anaphylactic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for darbepoetin alfa?

    <p>Uncontrolled hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is treated with interferons?

    <p>Multiple sclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key side effect of colony-stimulating factors?

    <p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of antimetabolite drugs in chemotherapy?

    <p>Targeting the cell cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing precaution is necessary for chemotherapy handling?

    <p>Pregnant nurses should avoid handling chemotherapy drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which monitoring parameter is essential when using colony-stimulating factors for neutropenia treatment?

    <p>Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major adverse reaction is associated with thrombopoietin receptor agonists?

    <p>Vision disturbances (cataract formation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is primarily mediated by B cells and involves antibody production?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should salicylates be avoided when administering the varicella vaccine?

    <p>They increase the risk of Reye’s syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents?

    <p>Promote red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is frequently associated with chemotherapy?

    <p>Bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal storage condition for vaccines?

    <p>Refrigerated with a backup plan for power outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does chemotherapy commonly have on the body's blood cell production?

    <p>Causes bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that interferons are contraindicated during pregnancy?

    <p>The potential risks outweigh the benefits for MS patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should folic acid be administered to effectively treat megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Orally unless gastrointestinal intolerance occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To target rapidly dividing cancer cells effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution must be taken by pregnant nurses when dealing with chemotherapy drugs?

    <p>They must avoid all handling of these drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction should be particularly monitored in patients receiving temozolomide with radiation therapy?

    <p>Pneumocystis pneumonia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential precaution when administering antivenoms?

    <p>Resuscitation equipment must be readily available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is specifically used to reduce the hematologic effects associated with methotrexate therapy?

    <p>Leucovorin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of thrombopoietin receptor agonists?

    <p>To increase platelet production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is specifically characterized by a lack of intrinsic factor?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant contraindication for the use of darbepoetin alfa?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is epoetin alpha prescribed for patients with chronic kidney disease?

    <p>To stimulate erythropoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical side effect of oral iron supplementation?

    <p>Black or dark stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken prior to administering iron injections?

    <p>Avoid milk and antacids before administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term treatment requirement is associated with pernicious anemia?

    <p>Vitamin B12 injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may indicate a hypersensitivity reaction during immune globulin therapy?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resuscitation equipment in relation to antivenom administration?

    <p>To manage potential hypersensitivity reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best describes the immunity provided by immune globulins?

    <p>Passive immunity that is short-term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vaccine is classified as a live attenuated vaccine?

    <p>Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

    <p>To promote white blood cell (WBC) production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of thrombopoietin receptor agonists?

    <p>Stimulation of platelet production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse reaction is most commonly associated with the use of interferons?

    <p>Flu-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are colony-stimulating factors typically initiated after chemotherapy?

    <p>24 hours post-chemotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common adverse reaction is associated with the administration of epoetin alpha?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the immediate action taken if extravasation occurs during IV chemotherapy?

    <p>Stop the infusion immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature in a chemotherapy patient indicates a need for immediate medical reporting?

    <p>Temperature &gt;100.4°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason calcium should be avoided close to iron supplement intake?

    <p>It binds to iron, reducing absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is specifically associated with inadequate iron levels in the body?

    <p>Iron-deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When administering iron supplements, what method minimizes tooth staining?

    <p>Use a straw with juice or water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction is commonly associated with the use of interferons?

    <p>Chills and flu-like symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant allergy concern when administering antivenoms?

    <p>Allergy to equine serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemotherapy drug requires special precautions due to teratogenic risks?

    <p>All oral medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What monitoring is essential when using colony-stimulating factors for patients with neutropenia?

    <p>Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity primarily involves B cells and their role in antibody production?

    <p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to avoid salicylates when administering the varicella vaccine?

    <p>They increase the risk of Reye’s syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in treatment?

    <p>Promote red blood cell production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse reaction is commonly associated with chemotherapy?

    <p>Bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal storage condition recommended for vaccines?

    <p>Refrigerated with a backup plan for power outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response may be adversely affected by chemotherapy due to its common side effects?

    <p>Antibody-secreting B cell reduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

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