COPY: Immunology and Vaccination Concepts

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Which type of immunity is primarily associated with the role of B cells?

Passive immunity

Humoral immunity (correct)

Cell-mediated immunity

Natural immunity

How does antibody production change in older adults after vaccinations?

It remains unchanged.

It completely stops.

It decreases significantly. (correct)

It increases significantly.

What is a key characteristic of cell-mediated immunity?

It is mediated by B cells.

It creates antibodies against pathogens.

It provides passive immunity.

It does not involve antibodies. (correct)

What role do antigens play in the immune response?

They stimulate the production of antibodies. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vaccines?

To stimulate active immunity by introducing antigens. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is recommended to be vaccinated against before traveling to endemic regions?

Cholera (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is provided by immune globulins?

Passive immunity with a short duration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary precaution necessary for storing vaccines?

Refrigerate and have a backup power source (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of epoetin alpha related to blood pressure?

Hypertension (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary component should be limited to enhance iron absorption?

High-calcium meals (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is advised for adults who have had shingles?

Recombinant zoster vaccine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse reaction is frequently associated with the use of antivenoms?

Pruritus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What precaution is essential when administering vaccines that require refrigeration?

Have a backup storage plan for power outages (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which substance should not be consumed with oral iron therapy to improve absorption?

Dairy products (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which lab parameter is crucial to monitor during CSF therapy?

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the target hemoglobin level for patients undergoing epoetin alpha therapy?

11 g/dL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for receiving interferons?

Pregnancy, unless at high risk for MS (D) Signup and view all the answers

How should folic acid be administered to treat megaloblastic anemia?

Orally, unless the patient cannot tolerate it (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to reduce hematologic effects after methotrexate therapy?

Leucovorin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

To target rapidly dividing cancer cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for pregnant nurses regarding chemotherapy drugs?

Avoid preparing, administering, or handling these drugs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse reaction should be monitored in patients taking temozolomide with radiation?

Pneumocystis pneumonia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What precaution is essential when administering antivenoms?

Resuscitation equipment must be available (A) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom indicates a hypersensitivity reaction during immune globulin therapy?

Cyanosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for administering the varicella vaccine?

Use of salicylates (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of vaccine contains attenuated antigens?

Live vaccines (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires the recombinant zoster vaccine?

History of shingles (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of administering antivenom after 4 hours of exposure?

It may not be effective. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major adverse reaction to interferons?

Flu-like symptoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are colony-stimulating factors used after chemotherapy?

To reduce neutropenia and infection risk (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for local pain after vaccine administration?

Massage, rest, and apply heat or ice (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction to colony-stimulating factors?

Bone pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What dietary deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia?

Vitamin B12 or folic acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leucovorin in folic acid deficiency?

Mitigates hematologic effects of methotrexate. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a test dose required before administering iron dextran?

To check for anaphylactic reactions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for darbepoetin alfa?

Uncontrolled hypertension (D) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is treated with interferons?

Multiple sclerosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key side effect of colony-stimulating factors?

Bone pain (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of antimetabolite drugs in chemotherapy?

Targeting the cell cycle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What nursing precaution is necessary for chemotherapy handling?

Pregnant nurses should avoid handling chemotherapy drugs. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which monitoring parameter is essential when using colony-stimulating factors for neutropenia treatment?

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What major adverse reaction is associated with thrombopoietin receptor agonists?

Vision disturbances (cataract formation) (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immunity is primarily mediated by B cells and involves antibody production?

Humoral immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why should salicylates be avoided when administering the varicella vaccine?

They increase the risk of Reye’s syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents?

Promote red blood cell production (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse reaction is frequently associated with chemotherapy?

Bone marrow suppression (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal storage condition for vaccines?

Refrigerated with a backup plan for power outages (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does chemotherapy commonly have on the body's blood cell production?

Causes bone marrow suppression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that interferons are contraindicated during pregnancy?

The potential risks outweigh the benefits for MS patients. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should folic acid be administered to effectively treat megaloblastic anemia?

Orally unless gastrointestinal intolerance occurs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

To target rapidly dividing cancer cells effectively. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What precaution must be taken by pregnant nurses when dealing with chemotherapy drugs?

They must avoid all handling of these drugs. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse reaction should be particularly monitored in patients receiving temozolomide with radiation therapy?

Pneumocystis pneumonia. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential precaution when administering antivenoms?

Resuscitation equipment must be readily available. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is specifically used to reduce the hematologic effects associated with methotrexate therapy?

Leucovorin. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of thrombopoietin receptor agonists?

To increase platelet production (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically characterized by a lack of intrinsic factor?

Pernicious anemia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant contraindication for the use of darbepoetin alfa?

Hypertension (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is epoetin alpha prescribed for patients with chronic kidney disease?

To stimulate erythropoiesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical side effect of oral iron supplementation?

Black or dark stools (A) Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken prior to administering iron injections?

Avoid milk and antacids before administration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What long-term treatment requirement is associated with pernicious anemia?

Vitamin B12 injections (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may indicate a hypersensitivity reaction during immune globulin therapy?

Hypotension (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of resuscitation equipment in relation to antivenom administration?

To manage potential hypersensitivity reactions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the immunity provided by immune globulins?

Passive immunity that is short-term. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is classified as a live attenuated vaccine?

Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in patients undergoing chemotherapy?

To promote white blood cell (WBC) production. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of thrombopoietin receptor agonists?

Stimulation of platelet production. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse reaction is most commonly associated with the use of interferons?

Flu-like symptoms (A) Signup and view all the answers

When are colony-stimulating factors typically initiated after chemotherapy?

24 hours post-chemotherapy. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What common adverse reaction is associated with the administration of epoetin alpha?

Hypertension (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be the immediate action taken if extravasation occurs during IV chemotherapy?

Stop the infusion immediately. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What temperature in a chemotherapy patient indicates a need for immediate medical reporting?

Temperature >100.4°F (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason calcium should be avoided close to iron supplement intake?

It binds to iron, reducing absorption. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is specifically associated with inadequate iron levels in the body?

Iron-deficiency anemia (D) Signup and view all the answers

When administering iron supplements, what method minimizes tooth staining?

Use a straw with juice or water. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse reaction is commonly associated with the use of interferons?

Chills and flu-like symptoms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant allergy concern when administering antivenoms?

Allergy to equine serum (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chemotherapy drug requires special precautions due to teratogenic risks?

All oral medications (A) Signup and view all the answers

What monitoring is essential when using colony-stimulating factors for patients with neutropenia?