28 Questions
What is the purpose of blocking nonspecific sites in immunohistochemistry?
To minimize background staining
What is the main purpose of antigen retrieval in immunohistochemistry?
To unmask epitopes masked by fixation
What is the role of the secondary antibody in immunohistochemistry?
To bind to the primary antibody
What is the purpose of dehydration and clearing in immunohistochemistry?
To prepare the tissue for paraffin embedding
What is the epitope in immunohistochemistry?
The region on the antigen recognized by the antibody
What is the primary function of epitope retrieval?
To break protein cross-links formed by fixation
What is the purpose of proteolytic induced epitope retrieval (PIER)?
To selectively break protein links to reveal hidden epitopes
What is the mechanism by which heat induced epitope retrieval (HIER) works?
By using specific buffered solutions to recover antigen form
What is the term for the binding site on an antibody that recognizes an epitope?
Paratope
What is the result of cross-linking of amino acids within an epitope?
Masking of epitopes
What is the term for the protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of an antigen?
Immunoglobulin
What is the region on an antigen that a specific antibody binds to?
Epitope
What is the result of injecting an antigen into a rabbit?
Activation of B cells
What type of antibody is produced by a single antibody-producing B cell?
Monoclonal antibody
What is the function of plasma B cells?
To produce antibodies
What is the result of obtaining antiserum from a rabbit?
Production of polyclonal antibodies
What is the characteristic of a polyclonal antibody?
Recognizes multiple epitopes on the same antigen
What is the primary purpose of blocking nonspecific sites during immunohistochemical staining?
To increase the specificity of the antibody-antigen interaction
Which of the following is NOT a step in the processing of paraffin-embedded tissue for immunohistochemical analysis?
western blotting
What is the purpose of the biotin/avidin complex (ABC) or labelled streptavidin biotin (LSAB) in indirect immunohistochemical techniques?
To amplify the signal generated by the primary antibody
What is the primary advantage of using direct immunohistochemical techniques over indirect techniques?
Simplified protocol
What is the purpose of antigen retrieval in immunohistochemical analysis?
To restore the antigenic sites masked during tissue processing
What is the primary goal of immunohistochemistry in tumour pathology?
To define cell types
Which of the following is a potential application of immunohistochemistry?
Evaluating immune complex deposition in autoimmune disease
What is the function of antibodies in immunohistochemistry?
To detect cellular components in tissue sections
What is the role of the variable (V) domains in immunohistochemistry?
Antigen-binding domains
Which of the following is NOT a application of immunohistochemistry?
Prenatal diagnosis
What is the significance of immunohistochemistry in identifying potential target therapy strategies?
It aids in identifying predictive markers
Test your knowledge of the immunohistochemistry procedure, including paraffin embedded tissue processing, from harvesting and formalin fixation to image capture and analysis. This quiz covers the steps involved in indirect tissue processing, including dehydration, clearing, dissection, embedding, microtomy, and more.
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