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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of biopsies in evaluating bone marrow?
What is the main purpose of biopsies in evaluating bone marrow?
Which technique involves smearing peripheral blood cells on a slide to expose their morphology?
Which technique involves smearing peripheral blood cells on a slide to expose their morphology?
In breast cancer HER2 gene testing, which platform is commonly used to detect ALK positive cells?
In breast cancer HER2 gene testing, which platform is commonly used to detect ALK positive cells?
Which score in immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicates intense granular cytoplasmic staining?
Which score in immunohistochemistry (IHC) indicates intense granular cytoplasmic staining?
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What is the classical karyotype translocation seen in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
What is the classical karyotype translocation seen in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?
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Study Notes
Bone Marrow Biopsies
- Biopsies are essential for evaluating the structure, cell populations, and overall health of bone marrow.
- They provide detailed information about the composition of bone marrow, including the presence and distribution of different cell types, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring of various diseases.
Peripheral Blood Smear
- A peripheral blood smear involves spreading a thin layer of blood onto a microscope slide.
- This technique allows for the visual examination of the morphology and characteristics of individual blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
HER2 Gene Testing in Breast Cancer
- The commonly used platform for detecting ALK-positive cells in HER2 gene testing in breast cancer is fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).
- FISH utilizes fluorescent probes to identify specific gene sequences within the cells, including the HER2 gene and ALK gene.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Score Interpretation
- An IHC score of 3+ indicates intense granular cytoplasmic staining.
- IHC scores are used to assess the level of protein expression, often in relation to various diseases, such as cancer.
Classical Karyotype Translocation in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
- The classical karyotype translocation seen in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is t(9;22), also known as the Philadelphia chromosome.
- This translocation results in the fusion of the ABL gene on chromosome 9 with the BCR gene on chromosome 22, creating a fusion protein that drives the development of CML.
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Description
Explore the techniques and principles of immunohistochemistry, where antibodies are used to detect specific proteins in tissue sections. Learn how antibodies bind to antigens and aid in the visualization of proteins within cells or tissues.
