Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of clonal anergy?
Which of the following is an example of clonal anergy?
- B cells in the bone marrow becoming unresponsive to self antigens
- B cells in lymph nodes and spleen becoming unresponsive to self antigens
- T cells in circulation and tissues becoming unresponsive to self antigens (correct)
- T cells in the thymus becoming unresponsive to self antigens
Where does T cell central tolerance occur?
Where does T cell central tolerance occur?
- In the bone marrow on immature T cells
- In the lymph nodes and spleen on mature T cells
- In the thymus on immature T cells (correct)
- In the thymus on mature T cells
Where does B cell central tolerance occur?
Where does B cell central tolerance occur?
- In the thymus on mature B cells
- In the bone marrow on immature B cells (correct)
- In the lymph nodes and spleen on mature B cells
- In the thymus on immature B cells
Where does T cell peripheral tolerance occur?
Where does T cell peripheral tolerance occur?
Where does B cell peripheral tolerance occur?
Where does B cell peripheral tolerance occur?
Which process removes a light chain if it is not functional or self-reactive and synthesizes a new light chain?
Which process removes a light chain if it is not functional or self-reactive and synthesizes a new light chain?
What is the role of antigen contact in B cell activation?
What is the role of antigen contact in B cell activation?
Which pathway is used for processing conformational vs linear epitopes for B cell activation?
Which pathway is used for processing conformational vs linear epitopes for B cell activation?
What is the main function of germinal centers?
What is the main function of germinal centers?
What is the difference between T-independent and T-dependent B cell activation?
What is the difference between T-independent and T-dependent B cell activation?
Flashcards
Clonal Anergy
Clonal Anergy
A process where circulating T cells become unresponsive to self-antigens, preventing autoimmune reactions.
T Cell Central Tolerance
T Cell Central Tolerance
The thymus is where immature T cells learn to distinguish self from non-self. T cells that react too strongly to self-antigens are eliminated.
B Cell Central Tolerance
B Cell Central Tolerance
Immature B cells undergo selection in the bone marrow to remove those that recognize self-antigens.
T Cell Peripheral Tolerance
T Cell Peripheral Tolerance
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B Cell Peripheral Tolerance
B Cell Peripheral Tolerance
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Receptor Editing
Receptor Editing
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Antigen Contact and B Cell Activation
Antigen Contact and B Cell Activation
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MHC Class II Pathway
MHC Class II Pathway
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Germinal Centers
Germinal Centers
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T-dependent vs. T-independent B Cell Activation
T-dependent vs. T-independent B Cell Activation
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Study Notes
Immune System Tolerance
- Clonal anergy is an example of when a T cell or B cell is inactivated due to chronic antigen exposure.
Central Tolerance
- Occurs in the thymus, where immature T cells that react to self-antigens are eliminated or undergo clonal deletion.
Central B Cell Tolerance
- Occurs in the bone marrow, where immature B cells that react to self-antigens undergo receptor editing or clonal deletion.
Peripheral Tolerance
- Occurs in peripheral tissues, where T cells that react to self-antigens are inactivated or deleted through mechanisms such as anergy, deletion, or regulation by Tregs.
Peripheral B Cell Tolerance
- Occurs in peripheral tissues, where B cells that react to self-antigens are inactivated or deleted through mechanisms such as anergy, deletion, or regulation by Bregs.
B Cell Receptor Editing
- Receptor editing is a process that removes a non-functional or self-reactive light chain and synthesizes a new one, allowing the B cell to express a new antigen receptor.
B Cell Activation
- Antigen contact is necessary for B cell activation, which triggers B cell proliferation and differentiation into antibody-secreting plasma cells.
B Cell Epitope Processing
- The proteasome pathway is used for processing conformational epitopes, while the endosomal pathway is used for processing linear epitopes, both of which lead to B cell activation.
Germinal Centers
- The main function of germinal centers is to undergo affinity maturation, where B cells undergo rapid proliferation and somatic hypermutation to produce high-affinity antibodies.
T-Independent vs T-Dependent B Cell Activation
- T-independent B cell activation occurs when antigen binds directly to the B cell receptor, triggering activation without the need for T cell help, whereas T-dependent B cell activation requires antigen presentation by an antigen-presenting cell and T cell help to activate the B cell.
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Description
Test your knowledge of immune tolerance mechanisms with this quiz! Learn about clonal anergy, clonal ignorance, and tolerance, and discover the sites where T and B cells undergo central and peripheral tolerance. Challenge yourself with questions that cover key concepts in immunology.
